摘要
利用常州市环境监测中心的大气污染监测资料、常州市气象局的常规气象观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等分析了2012—2014年常州市的大气污染情况,将大气重污染日的地面形势场进行了分型,并重点分析了污染程度极为严重的2013年1月的气象条件,得到以下结论:1)近3年常州市共计出现大气重污染日54天,冬季为重污染日数最多的季节,首要污染物主要是PM2.5。2)可将重污染日的地面形势场归纳为均压场型、高压底部型、高压后部型、变性高压型和低压型5种类型:均压场型扩散条件差,为大气重污染最常见的地面形势;高压底部型一般伴随有冷空气扩散,往往导致上游污染物的输送;高压后部型、变性高压型分别意味着冷高压移出和变性减弱致使污染物累积导致大气重污染发生;低压型一般易出现降水,若前期污染程度较重或降水较弱,往往导致污染维持。3)2013年1月大气污染极其严重,单月共计出现重污染日14天,降水量异常偏少是本月重污染频发的主要原因之一,高温高湿小风环境则有利于大气重污染的形成。4)秋冬季节多冷空气活动,本地往往经历均压场—高压底部—冷空气—冷高压—均压场的循环过程,冷空气"间歇期"为大气重污染高发时段,故地面形势场对大气重污染的预报预警有着较好的指示作用。
Using the air pollution monitoring data from Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, the meteorological observation data from Changzbou Meteorological Office and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the air pollution condition during 2012--2014 of Changzhou was analyzed, the surface pressure of heavy air pollution days was classified, and the weather conditions in January 2013 were focused on when the pollution was specially serious, some results were obtained as follows. 1 ） There are totally 54 days of heavy air pollution in recent 3 years in Changzhou. Winter is the most polluted of all seasons, and the primary pollutant is mostly PM2.5. 2）The surface pressure of heavy air pollution days can be generally summarized as 5 types ： uniform pressure field, bottom of high pressure, back of high pressure, denatured high pressure and low pressure. Uniform pressure field type means poor diffusion conditions, which is the most common surface pressure for air pollution days. Bottom of high pressure type is generally accompanied with cold air diffusion, which means transportation of pollutants from upstream. Back of high pressure type and denatured high pressure type are similar, whose air pollution is caused by the accumulation of pollutants due to the removal and weakening of cold high pressure. Low pressure type is generally present in precipitation, but the heavy pollution of the early days or weakness of precipitation may lead to the maintenance of pollution. 3）The air pollution is extremely serious in January 2013, a total of 14 heavy air pollution days occurred, the anomaly less of precipitation is one of the main reasons for frequent heavy pollution in this month. High temperature, high humidity and small wind are conducive to the formation of heavy pollution. 4）Cold air activities frequently occur in autumn and winter, the local place often experiences the cycle as ＂uniform pressure field, bottom of the high pressure, cold air, cold high pressure and uniform pressure field＂, Heavy air pollution days occur mainly in the ＂interim period＂ of cold air. Therefore, surface pressure has an indicated role for the forecasting and warning of heavy air pollution.
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2017年第1期87-94,共8页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
江苏省气象科研开放基金项目(201206)
常州市科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(CE20135047)
常州市气象局一般科研项目(1401)
常州市科技局项目(CE20145074)资助
关键词
大气重污染
地面形势场
气象条件
heavy air pollution
surface situation field
meteorological condition
