摘要
目的:分析2014年我国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良情况,为制定学生视力不良防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:选取2014年全国学生体质与健康调研中7~22岁汉族学生261 832名,使用5 m标准对数视力表进行视力检查,对视力不良者,使用串镜检查,判断有无屈光不正。使用Logistic回归对汉族学生视力不良的相关因素进行多元分析,采用Arc Map 10绘制视力不良检出率的区域地图。结果:7~22岁汉族学生视力不良率为66.6%,各年龄组均是城市女生视力不良率最高(73.5%)。有60.8%的学生为疑似近视,占视力不良分类的90%以上。与2010年相比,视力不良在13~15岁学生中涨幅最快,增长了6.8个百分点。2014年各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良检出率为50.6%~76.2%。视力不良检出率最高的前三省为江苏(76.2%)、浙江(76.0%)和山东(75.9%),检出率最低的前三省为海南(50.6%)、贵州(53.9%)和新疆(57.6%)。Logistic回归分析发现,女生、城市学生、放学后做家庭作业时间超过2 h的学生更容易发生视力不良,而每天体育锻炼2 h及以上的学生更不易发生视力不良。结论:虽然各省情况有所差异,但是视力不良已经成为影响我国各省、自治区、直辖市学生健康的问题,在针对重点人群(如城市女生和青春期发育前的学生)干预的基础上,还应继续加强对全体学生视力不良的预防和控制。
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of reduced visual acuity( VA) and to examine the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors among Chinese Han students,so as to provide bases for the prevention and treatment of reduced visual acuity. Methods: Subjects were from2014 Chinese National Surveys on Students ' Constitution and Health( CNSSCH). In this survey,261 832 Han students aged 7-22 years participated. Unaided distance VA was measured using a retroilluminated lg MAR chart with tumbling-E optotypes. Ametropia was determined by using serial bronchoscopy. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between reduced visual acuity and influencing factors. Arc Map 10 was used to map the regional distribution of reduced visual acuity. Results: Nationwide,the overall prevalence of reduced visual acuity was 66. 6%,and was highest among the urban girls( 73. 5%). The prevalence of myopia was 60. 8% and accounted for more than 90% among the students with reduced visual acuity. Compared with 2010 CNSSCH,the increments of reduced visual acuity were highest in the students aged 13-15 years( 6. 8 percentage points). The prevalence of reduced visual acuity ranged from 50. 6% to 76. 2% in each province( autonomous region,municipality) in 2014 CNSSCH. The top three of the prevalence of reduced visual acuity were Jiangsu( 76. 2%),Zhejiang( 76. 0%) and Shandong( 75. 9%),and the lowest three were Hainan( 50. 6%),Guizhou( 53. 9%)and Xinjiang( 57. 6%). Logistic regression showed that the girls,urban students,and students who spent ≥2 h per day in their after school homework were more likely to develop reduced visual acuity,but the students with physical activity time ≥2 h per day were less likely to develop reduced visual acuity.Conclusion: Although the situation was different in each province( autonomous region,municipality),reduced visual acuity has become a public concern affecting the health of students in China. Based on the intervention on the key populations,such as urban girls and pre adolescent students,we should also continue to strengthen the prevention and control for reduced visual acuity among all students.
出处
《北京大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期433-438,共6页
Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金(81302442)
国家留学基金管理委员会(201606015038)
北京大学公共卫生学院青年人才支持计划基金资助~~
关键词
视力不良
学生
青少年
儿童
地区分布
Visual acuity
Students
Adolescent
Child
Regional distribution
