摘要
【目的】通过研究杏李品种花芽形态分化过程的组织结构变化,了解杏李花芽分化过程、时期及品种间的差异,为杏李的栽培管理技术实施提供理论依据。【方法】以3个杏李品种、1个杏品种及1个中国李品种为试材,采用常规石蜡切片法对其花芽分化过程的组织结构进行观察和对比分析。【结果】3个杏李品种花芽均于6月下旬开始分化,可分为未分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期及雌蕊原基分化期6个时期,分化盛期集中在7月上旬至10月上旬,‘美丽李’花芽分化盛期亦集中在此时间段,且均于10月下旬完成雌蕊分化,而‘赛买提’杏花芽分化盛期集中在7月上旬至8月下旬,且雌蕊分化于9月中旬已基本完成。【结论】3个杏李品种花芽分化所经历的时期均与对照杏、李品种相同,各时期均存在重叠交错现象,无明显界限,花芽逐步分化,各分化阶段的组织结构与‘美丽李’基本一致,整体分化进程也与‘美丽李’较为相近,但均比‘赛买提’慢,进入各分化时期晚于‘赛买提’。
[ Objective ]The study observed the anatomical changes of bud during the progress of flower dif- ferentiation in different cuhivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca in order to characterize flower differentiation periods of Prunus salicina×armeniaca and the difference between cultivars, so as to provide a reference for breeding of Prunus salicinaXarmeniaca and for reasonable implementation of cultivation management in production. [Methods]Three eultivars of Prunus salicina×armeniaca were used as the main tested materials and one common cultivar of apricot and one cultivar of Chinese plum as the cross reference. In the late June of 2016, trees of the cuhivars in good health and growth were tagged and buds were collected every 10 d until late October. The collected buds at each time were placed in 5 mL centrifugal tubes and preserved in FAA fixative solution. Bud sections were obtained using the conventional paraffin section method, and the bud structure at each period during the morphological differentiation of flower bud in the tested cuhivars were observed and photographed under microscope. [ Results ] The whole process of the morphological differentiation of flower bud in the three cuhivars and the references could be divided into the pre-differentiation stage, the floral primordial differentiation stage, the sepal primordial differentiation stage, the petal primordial differentiation stage, and the stamen and pistil late primordial differentiation stage. The time of stage transitions and the duration of the whole differentiation period were different among cultivars, and there were overlaps between stages and staggered phenomena during each stage. The three cultivars of Prunus salicina x armeniaea had entered the early stage of floral primordial differentia- tion stage by Jun. 25th, when 90% of buds in ＇Konglongdan＇ had started flower differentiation and 15% in ＇ Weidi＇ had entered the late stage of floral primordial differentiation stage. The early stage of floral primordial differentiation stage in ＇ Fengweihuanghou＇ lasted until Aug. 14th, and 20% of buds in this eulti- var were still in the late stage of floral primordial differentiation on Oet. 20th. The early stage of floral bud primordial differentiation in ＇Konglongdan＇ and ＇Weidi＇ lasted for about 40 d. In ＇Meilili＇ and ＇Saimaiti＇, flower bud differentiation began on Jun. 25th, when 45% of flower buds in ＇ Meilili＇ had entered the late stage of floral bud primordial differentiation, which lasted for about 30 d. The flower bud in ＇ Konglongdan＇ had entered the sepal differentiation stage by Aug. 4th and lasted until Sept. 3rd. The sepal differen- tiation stage in ＇Weidi＇ began on Aug. 14th and continued for about 20 d. ＇Fengweihuanghou＇ was the latest to enter the sepal differentiation stage, which lasted for a long time. The sepal of ＇Melili＇ and ＇Saimaiti＇ began to differentiate on Jul. 5th, and the duration of the stage in ＇Meilili＇ was longer than that in ＇Saimaiti＇, which lasted for about 20 d. By Sept. 13th, the flower bud of ＇Fengweihuanghou＇ had entered the petal primordial differentiation stage, which lasted till Oct. 3rd. There were 10% of flower buds in ＇Konglongdan＇ that showed petal differentiation on Aug. 24th and the stage continued until Sept. 23rd, while in ＇Weidi＇ 80% flower buds had entered the petal differentiation stage by Sept. 3rd and this stage lasted until Sept. 23rd. The flower buds of ＇Meilili＇ showed petal differentiation on Jul. 25th, and this stage lasted for a relatively long period of time. However, in ＇ Saimaiti＇, 90% of flower buds had en- tered the petal differentiation stage by Jul. 25th, which lasted for only 10 d. 15% of flower buds in ＇Feng- weihuanghou＇ had entered the stamen differentiation stage and 10% flower buds entered the pistil differentiation stage by Sept. 23rd. By Oct. 20th, 65% of flower buds had entered the pistil differentiation stage, but there were still 15% of flower buds still in the stamen differentiation stage. 5% of flower buds in ＇Kon- glongdan＇ had entered the stamen differentiation stage by Aug. 24th, and 40% entered the pistil differenti- ation stage by Sept. 13th. Till Oct. 13th, all flower buds in ＇ Konglongdan＇ had completed pistil differentiation. 10% of flower buds in ＇Weidi＇ had begun stamen differentiation, and 10% showed pistil differentiation on Sept. 3rd. The stamen differentiation stage continued till Oct. 3rd, and all the flower buds in ＇Weidi＇ had completed pistil differentiation by Oct. 20th. The flower buds of ＇ Meilili＇ had entered the stamen dif- ferentiation stage by Aug. 24th, which continued till Oct. 13th. Pistil differentiation began on Sept. 3rd and lasted until Oct. 20th, when 100% flower buds in ＇Meilili＇ had completed pistil differentiation. 60% of the flower buds in ＇ Saimaiti＇ had entered the stamen differentiation stage and 35% of them begun pistil differentiation by Aug. 4th, and by Sept. 13th all the flower buds of ＇Saimaiti＇ had completed pistil differentiation. The peak period of flower bud differentiation in the three cuhivars of Prunus salicinaXarmeniaca occurred between the early July and the early October, and pistil differentiated in late the October. The whole differentiation period lasted for about 110 d. [ Conclusion ] The period of morphology differentiation of flower bud in the three eultivars of Prunus salicina armeniaca is relatively concentrated. Flower bud differentiation occurs stepwise and there are no elear division lines between stages. The evolution of ana- tomical structures of flower buds during the progress of morphological differentiation is similar to that in ＇Meilili＇. Multiple primordia may occur in the same flower bud. The whole process of differentiation is similar between cultivars but is slower in ＇ Meilili＇ and its stage transitions of flower bud differentiation occur later than in ＇ Saimaiti＇
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期843-850,共8页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中央财政林业科技推广项目-杏李优质高效栽培技术示范与推广(ZYLYKJTG2015020)
新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科建设基金
关键词
杏李
花芽分化
组织结构
Prunus salieinaXarmeniaca
Flower bud differentiation
Organization structure
