摘要
为评价和探讨玉米秸秆覆盖在河套灌区的适用性及应用效果,试验设置地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和不覆盖处理,研究了不同覆盖方式对玉米土壤水肥热状况及产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:玉米生育前、中期,秸秆覆盖0~100 cm土壤含水率与地膜覆盖无显著性差异(P>0.05),具有较好的保墒效果,且两者0~60 cm含水率均显著高于不覆盖处理(P<0.05)。玉米生育后期,秸秆覆盖0~60 cm土壤含水率显著高于其他两个处理,说明秸秆覆盖更有利于土壤水分的贮蓄和持续利用。秸秆覆盖可有效提高表层0~20 cm土壤养分含量,且以提升速效钾和速效磷含量最为显著。秸秆覆盖可有效调节土壤温度,为玉米的正常生长提供了适宜的土壤温度条件。秸秆覆盖条件下玉米产量和水分利用效率与地膜覆盖无显著性差异(P>0.05),但平均较不覆盖处理高24.18%和23.64%,差异性显著(P<0.05)。综合分析,玉米秸秆覆盖的种植方式较适宜在河套灌区推广应用。
In order to evaluate and study the applicability and application effect of maize straw mulching in Hetao irrigation district, thine treatments, including plastic film mulching, straw mulching and non mulching treatment, were used to compare the effeects of different mulching methods on soil water-fertilizer-heat condition, yield and water use efficiency of Maize. The results showed that there was no significant difference for 0- 100 cm depth soil water content of plastic film mulching and straw mulching （P〉0.05）, both had a better water retention effect, and both the 0-60 cm depth soil water content was significantly higher than that of non mulching treatment （P〈0.05） ; The 0- 60 em depth soil water content of straw mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of other two treatments in the later stage of maize growth, which indicated that straw mulching was more conducive to soil water conservation and sustainable utilization; straw mulching could improve soil nutrient content in the surface layer of 0-20 cm depth effectively, and the available potassium and available phosphorus were the most significant; straw mulching could regulate the soil temperature effectively, which provided the suitable soil temperature condition for the normal growth of maize ; there was no significant difference between straw mulching and plastic film mulching for yield and water use efficiency of maize （P〉0.05）, but it was average increased by 24.18% and 23.64% than non mulching treatment and reached significant difference （P〈0.05）. The comprehensive analysis shows that maize straw mulching planting mode is more suitable for application in Hetao irrigation district.
作者
王文达
霍轶珍
韩翠莲
WANG Wen-da HUO Yi-zhen Han Cui-lian(Department of Civil Engineering, Hetao University, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia, China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2017年第7期38-41,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划项目(NMGIRT-B1611)
河套学院校级课题(hyzQ201507)
关键词
秸秆覆盖
土壤水分
土壤养分
土壤温度
产量
水分利用效率
河套灌区
straw mulching
soil water
soil nutrient
soil temperature
yield
water use efficiency
Hetao irrigation district
