摘要
适配体是体外采用SELEX技术筛选得到的一段寡核苷酸序列(DNA或RNA),能折叠成一定的空间结构结合靶物质,实现特异性吸附。其功能类似抗体,但具有抗体无法比拟的优势,如靶物质范围广、特异性强、亲和力高、可体外筛选、易于标记和修饰、稳定性好、没有毒性、易制备等。近年来,适配体已在分析检测、生物化学、食品安全、临床医疗等领域得到广泛应用。本文综述了适配体在金属离子、抗生素、农药残留、真菌毒素、蛋白质、微生物、细胞等成分靶向特异性快速检测方面的应用进展,并分析其存在的局限性和问题,展望其应用前景和发展趋势,以期为适配体应用的拓展和相关研究提供依据和支持。
Aptamers are a kind of oligonucleotide sequences（ DNA or RNA） obtained by SELEX technique in vitro,which can combine with the targets by folding into a certain space structure for specific adsorption. The function of aptamers is similar to that of antibodies,but they have incomparable advantages,such as a wide range of targets,good specificity and affinity,screening in vitro without animals,easy labeling and modification,good stability,no toxicity and easy to prepare. In recent years,aptamers have been widely used in the fields of analytical chemistry,biochemistry,food safety, clinical diagnosis and especially multi-components detection. In this paper, the applications of aptamers in rapid detection of metal ions,antibiotics,pesticide residues,mycotoxins,proteins,microorganisms and cells were reviewed,the possible limitations and the main problems were discussed,as well as the application trends were prospected in order to provide some supports and references to expand the application of aptamers and related research.
出处
《化学通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第9期819-828,共10页
Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(81473346
81573595
81673593)
北京市自然科学基金项目(7152101)
2015年吉林市科技创新发展计划项目(2015233016)资助
关键词
适配体
靶向特异识别
灵敏快速检测
Aptamers
Specific recognition
Sensitive and rapid detection
