摘要
【目的】揭示西双版纳地区热带季雨林内木质藤本多样性特征,阐明木质藤本对热带季雨林共存树木的攀援方式,为研究木质藤本对热带森林更新、动态和碳固定等生态过程的影响奠定基础。【方法】参考巴拿马热带季雨林木质藤本普查规范,调查并鉴定西双版纳热带季雨林20 hm^2动态监测大样地中500块20 m×20 m样地中胸径≥1 cm的木质藤本,分析其空间分布、多样性、丰富度、径级、攀援方式及其对共生树木的攀援状况。【结果】20 hm^2大样地中胸径≥1 cm的木质藤本共有21 781株(包括分株),密度为1 089.1株·hm^(-2),其中20 611株鉴定到种,分属127种45个科;样地中木质藤本的优势科为豆科和葡萄科,分别占木质藤本物种总数的51.1%和24.4%;夹竹桃科的长节珠个体最多(2 382株),占木质藤本总株数的10.9%,其次为梧桐科的全缘刺果藤和番荔枝科的黑风藤,分别占木质藤本个体总数的10.3%和4.6%;重要值排名前三的木质藤本分别为全缘刺果藤、长节珠和阔叶风车子;样地中共有43个稀有种(密度≤1株·hm^(-2)),占总种数的33.6%,但个体数仅占个体总数的1.4%;小径级木质藤本在样地中比例较高,胸径1~5 cm的个体数占总个体数的86.6%,胸径≥10 cm的仅占总个体数的0.7%;茎缠绕是主要攀援方式,所占比例达58.0%,其次是钩刺攀援和卷须缠绕,分别占16.0%和15.0%;依靠叶卷须、花梗进行攀援或蔓生的木质藤本比例较小,各占1.0%;约10.7%的树木个体(胸径≥1 cm)被木质藤本攀援,被攀援树木种数占总树种数的68.2%;随着树木个体增大,其上攀援的木质藤本数量逐渐降低,但树木被木质藤本攀援的比例增加。【结论】西双版纳热带季雨林内木质藤本种类丰富,样地中出现豆科木质藤本葛藤等先锋木质藤本表明该热带季雨林历史上可能遭受较严重干扰,加之该地区降雨季节性比较明显,使得西双版纳热带季雨林维持了较高的木质藤本多样性。
【Objective】Lianas are important components of tropical seasonal rainforest.Theobjective of this study are to investigate the liana diversity,to elucidate the climbing situation of lianas on co-occurring trees,and to better understand how lianas influence the regeneration,dynamics,and carbon sequestration of tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.【Method】 Following the liana census protocol applied in Panamanian rainforest,we surveyed and identified all rooted lianas with diameter at breast height （DBH） ≥ 1 cm in 500 quadrats （20 m × 20 m）in a 20 hm^2 tropical rainforest dynamics big plot which was established in 2007.We analyzed the liana spatial distribution,diversity,abundance,size,climbing mechanisms and situations on co-occurring trees.【Result 】 In the20 hm^2 plot,21 781 rooted liana individuals were recorded,with density of 1 089.1 individuals·hm^-2.20 611 individuals from 127 species in 45 families were identified.The two most abundant families were Fabaceae and Vitaceae,accounting for 51.1% of and 24.4% of liana species,respectively.The most abundant lianas were Parameria laevigata （Apocynaceae） with 2 382 individuals in the plot,constituting 10.9% of all liana individuals.Byttneria integrifolia （Sterculiaceae） and Fissistigma polyanthum （Annonaceae） accounted for 10.3% and 4.6%.The top three liana specieswith the highest important values were Byttneria integrifolia,Parameria laevigata and Combretum latifolium （Combretaceae）.Forty-three rare species with density ≤ 1 individual·hm^（-2）were recorded,accounting for 33.6% of the total number of liana species,but only 1.4% of the liana individuals in the plot.Lianas with 1-5 cm DBH were dominant,constituting 86.6% of all liana individual,whereas lianas with DBH ≥ 10 cm only accounted for 0.7%.58.0% of liana species employed stem twining to climb the forest canopy,followed by leaf-tendril climbers,sprawlers,and hook climbers,with each accounting for 1.0% of liana species.About 10.7% of the all co-occurring tree individuals （DBH ≥ 1 cm） were climbed by lianas,with 68.2% of the tree species being climbed.With an increase in tree size,the numbers of lianas climbing trees decreased,but the percentage of trees climbed by lianas was increased.【Conclusion】Lianas are abundant in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest.The pioneer lianas,such as Pueraria montana （a legume liana）,occur in the permanent plot,indicating that this plot was probably intensely disturbed in history.Disturbance,along with the distinct rainfall seasonality,could be the major factors shaping abundant lianas in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest.
作者
刘奇
吴怀栋
谭运洪
张教林
Liu Qi Wu Huaidong Tan Yunhong Zhang Jiaolin(Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第8期1-8,共8页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31270453
31470470)
