摘要
目的了解烟台市市售海鱼感染异尖线虫(Anisakis spp.)幼虫的情况。方法2016年1月至12月,在烟台市各海鲜市场随机采购不同种类的海鱼,解剖鱼体,查找、分离内脏和肌肉中的异尖线虫幼虫,光学显微镜下鉴定虫种,统计分析不同鱼种、不同脏器和不同体质量下异尖线虫幼虫的感染情况。结果共解剖海鱼14种256尾,海鱼异尖线虫幼虫总感染率为66.4%(170/256),平均感染度为14.8条/尾。感染率较高的鱼种有鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、辫子鱼(Platycephalus indicus)和黑鲪(Sebastodes fuscescens)等,感染率分别是100%(26/26)、92.3%(24/26)、92.0%(23/25)、85.7%(18/21),平均感染度分别为25.1、21.1、12.2和24.9条/尾;其他鱼种感染率由高到低依次是海鳗(Monopterus albus,80.0%,6.3条/尾)、真燕鳐(Prognichthys agooz,70.0%,3.3条/尾)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis,66.0%,11.7条/尾)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius,52.0%,9.1条/尾)、高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini,50.0%,1.8条/尾)、鲱鱼(Clupea pallasi,44.4%,9.5条/尾)和黑背圆颌针鱼(Tylosurus melanotus,38.1%,2.0条/尾);银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus modestus)、海鲈鱼(Perca fluviatilis)未检出异尖线虫幼虫。异尖线虫幼虫多寄生于海鱼的肠系膜及肠壁、体腔和胃壁。不同鱼种的异尖线虫幼虫感染度与其体质量的相关性不同:体质量为0.25~0.35 kg的鲐鱼、0.16~0.20 kg的带鱼、0.16~0.25 kg的辫子鱼、0.05~0.10 kg的小黄鱼、0.17~0.26 kg的黑鲪、0.81~1.00 kg的蓝点马鲛的感染度较高,分别为46.5、27.2、18.0、12.0、42.7和68.0条/尾。在这6种鱼中,黑鲪和小黄鱼的感染度随体质量的增加而降低(r=-0.484,P<0.05;r=-0.633,P<0.01),蓝点马鲛的感染度随体质量的增加而增高(r=0.740,P<0.01),鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼感染度与体质量无相关关系(r=-0.237、-0.080、-0.196,均P>0.05)。结论烟台市售海鱼中,鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼和黑鲪的异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高(85%以上)。
Objective To investigate the infection status of marine fish sold in Yantai City by Anisakis spp. Methods Marine fish of different species were randomly purchased from seafood markets in Yantai City from January to December 2016. The fish were dissected to find and collect Anisakis larvae from the viscera and muscle. The larvae species were identified under a light microscope. The Anisakis larvae infection status in fish was analyzed in different aspects of fish species, visceral organs and fish body weight. Results A total of 256 marine fishes of 14 species were dissected. The overall infection rate was 66.4% （170/256） and the average infection intensity was 14.8 larvae/fish. Those fishes with top infection rate included Pneumataphorus japonicas （100%, 26/26）, Trichiurus lepturus （92.3%, 24/26）, Platycephalus indicus （92.0%, 23/25） and Sebastodes fuscescens （85.7%, 18/21）. The average infection intensity of them was 25.1, 21.1, 12.2, and 24.9 larvae/fish, respectively. Other species with comparatively lower infection rate were Monapterus albus （80.0%, 6.3 larvae/fish）, Prognichthys agooz （70.0%, 3.3larvae/fish）, Larimichthys polyactis （66.0%, 11.7 larvae/fish）, Scomberomorus niphonius （52.0%, 9.1 larvae/fish）, Cleisthenes herzensteini （50.0%, 1.8 larvae/fish）, Clupea pallasi （44.4%, 9.5 larvae/fish） and Tylosurus melanotus （38.1%, 2.0 larvae/fish）. No infection was found in Parnpus argenteus, Thamnaconus modestus and Perca fluviatilis. The A nisakis spp. larvae were mainly located at mesentery and intestinal wails as well as gastric wall and gonad. There were also varied relationships between infection intensity and weight among different fish species. The infection intensity of 0.25-0.35 kg P. japonicus, 0.16-0.20 kg T. lepturus, 0.16-0.25 kg P. indicus, 0.05-0.10 kg L. polyactis, 0.17-0.26 kg S. fuscescens and 0.81-1.00 kg S. niphonius was 46.5, 27.2, 18.0, 12.0, 42.7 and 68.0 larvae/fish, respectively. Among those species, the infection intensity decreased with the increase of body weight in S. fuscescens （r = 0.484, P 〈 0.05） and L. polyactis （r =-0.633, P 〈 0.01）, but increased with body weight in S. niphonius （r = 0.740, P 〈 0.01）. However, for P. japonicas, T. lepturus and P. indicus, neither relationship was found （r =-0.237, -0.080, -0.196, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion There is a high infection rate （above 85%） of Anisakis larvae in P. japonicas, T. lepturus, P. indicus and S. fuscescens from the seafood markets in Yantai City.
出处
《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第5期472-477,共6页
Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases
基金
山东省自然科学基金(No.ZR2016HM19)
山东省高等学校教学改革项目(No.2012376)
滨州医学院大学生科技创新项目(No.BY2015DKCX012)~~
关键词
海鱼
异尖线虫
感染
烟台市
Marine fish
Anisakis spp.
Infection
Yantai City
