摘要
With rapid urbanization and energy consumption, environmental pollution and degradation have become increasingly serious problems in China. At the beginning of 2013, China implemented new ambient air quality standards（GB 3095-2012） in which the concentration of six pollutants including PM2.5, ozone, carbon monoxide, PM10, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were monitored. This study gathered annual air pollutant concentration data for the six pollutants in 113 key environmental protection cites throughout China in 2014 and 2015 to explain spatial patterns of urban air pollution. Based on the Kernel density estimation method, spatial hotspots of air pollution were illustrated through which spatial cluster of each pollutants could be plotted. By employing an entropy evaluation system, urban air quality was assessed in terms of the six atmospheric pollutants. We conclude that, in general, CO and SO2 were two important pollutants in most Chinese cities, but this varied greatly among cities. The assessment results indicate that cities with the worst air quality were mainly located in northern and central provinces, dominantly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area. Regression modeling showed that a combination of meteorological factors and human-related determinants, to say specifically, industrialization and urbanization factors, greatly influenced urban air quality variation in China. Results from spatial lag regression modeling confirmed that air pollution existed obvious spatial spillover effects among key cities. The spatial interdependence effects of urban air quality means that Chinese municipal governments should strengthen regional cooperation and deepen bilateral collaboration in terms of air regulation and pollution prevention.
近年来,中国城市空气污染问题日益受到学界和民众的广泛关注。对城市空气质量进行科学评价并分析其相关影响因素,对于空气污染治理具有重要的理论和实践意义。中国自2013年初实施新的空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012),PM_(2.5),O_3,CO,PM_(10),SO_2,NO_2等六种污染物被列入监测指标,并由环保部信息发布平台公布污染物浓度数据。本文收集了中国113个环保重点城市2014、2015年六种污染物浓度数据,基于核密度分析法、空间热点分析法来刻画中国城市空气污染演变格局和集聚形势。通过熵值评价系统,构建了综合空气质量(CAQI)指标,并解析六种污染物对中国城市空气质量的综合影响。研究结果表明,大体上,CO和SO_2是中国大部分城市空气的主要污染物,但在不同类型城市表现出明显差异。空气质量较差的城市主要位于华北和华中地区,其中京津冀地区尤为严重。利用一般回归模型、空间滞后和空间误差回归模型探究影响城市空气质量的主要影响因素。结果表明气象条件和人类活动对城市空气质量影响显著,具体表现为工业化和城镇化因子与城市空气综合质量具有较高的相关性。空间滞后模型结果显示城市空气污染存在明显的空间溢出效应,表明临近城市之间的空气质量相互影响程度较高。因此,本研究建议政府和相关组织应加强区域联防联控和深度合作,共同治理城市空气污染问题。
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771133)
Science and Technology Service Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Technical Regulations of Urban Planning:KFJ-EW-STS-089)
