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低剂量纳洛酮复合罗哌卡因在锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞中的应用 被引量:12

The application of combining low dose naloxone with ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block
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摘要 目的观察低剂量纳洛酮复合罗哌卡因对锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞效果的影响。方法选取2017年5至7月于兰州大学第二医院行择期上肢手术患者70例,依随机数字表法分为两组,罗哌卡因组(R组,n=35)和纳洛酮组(N组,n=35),均于超声引导下行锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞。观察记录感觉及运动神经阻滞起效与持续时间,术后3、6、12、18、24h视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后地佐辛首次使用时间,术后24h内地佐辛用量及恶心呕吐发生率,镇痛满意度评分,并于阻滞前、术后6h、术后24h分别取血样检测血浆β-内啡肽(β-EP)浓度水平。结果N组感觉及运动神经阻滞持续时间、术后地佐辛首次使用时间分别为736.0(713.5,836.5)、514.5(491.3,572.8)、708.5(683.2,877.0)min,均长于R组的522.0(469.5,606.5)、401.0(370.0,458.5)、570.0(435.0,618.5)min,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-6.844、-6.758、-6.700,均P〈0.01);N组术后6、12、18h的VAS分别为0、5.0(3.0,5.8)、5.0(5.0,6.0)分,其中术后6、12h的VAS均低于R组的1.0(1.0,3.5)、6.0(6.0,7.0)分,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-6.596、-4.864,均P〈0.01),而术后18h的VAS则高于R组的5.0(4.0,5.0)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.603,P〈0.01);N组术后24h内地佐辛用量为7.5(5.0,10.0)mg,低于R组的10.0(10.0,15.0)mg,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.449,P〈0.01);N组术后恶心呕吐发生率为21.9%,低于R组的45.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.034,P〈0.05);N组镇痛满意度评分为8.0(7.0,8.0)分,高于R组的7.0(6.0,7.0)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.509,P〈0.01);N组术后6h血浆β-EP浓度为(113.34±12.36)μg/L,低于R组的(147.14±11.65)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.694,P〈0.01)。结论低剂量纳洛酮复合罗哌卡因用于锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞,能够在不影响感觉及运动神经阻滞起效时间的前提下,显著延长感觉及运动神经阻滞持续时间。 Objective To observe the effect of low dose naloxone combinewith ropivacaine for snpraclavicular brachial plexus block. Methods Seventy patients undergoing elective upper limb surgery were randomly divided into two groups, ropivacaine group ( Group R, n = 35 ) and naloxone group ( Croup N, n = 35 ). An ultrasound guided technique was used in both two groups. The onset and duration time of sensory and motor blockade, visual analog score (VAS) of 3,6, 12, 18,24 h postoperatively, time of first request fordezocine, total amount of dezocine needed, incidence of nausea and vomiting postoperatively (PONV) and patients' satisfaction score for analgesia in 24 h after surgery were measured. At the same time, blood samples were taken before anesthesia, 6 h, 24 h after operation for inspecting the concentration of β- endorphin(β-EP) in plasma. Results The duration of sensory and motor blockade, time of first request for dezoeine in Group N were 736. 0(713.5,836. 5) ,514. 5(491.3,572. 8) ,708.5(683.2,877.0) rain,which were all prolonged compared to Group R ( 522. 0 ( 469.5,606. 5 ) , 401.0 ( 370. 0,458.5 ) , 570. 0 ( 435.0, 618.5 ) min) (Z = - 6. 844, - 6. 758, - 6. 700, all P 〈 0. 01 ). The 6,12,18 h postoperatively VAS of Group N were 0,5.0(3, 0,5.8) ,5.0(5.0,6, 0) point. Among which the 6,12 h postoperatively VAS of Group N were lower than that of Group R ( 1.0 ( 1.0,3.5 ), 6. 0 ( 6. 0,7. 0 ) point) ( Z = - 6. 596, - 4. 864, all P 〈0. 01 ), while the 18 h postoperatively VAS was higher than that of Group R (5.0(4. 0,5.0)point) (Z = - 2. 603 ,P 〈 0. 01 ). Total amount of dezocine needed in Group N in 24 h after surgery was 7.5 (5.0,10. 0) mg, which was lower than that of Group R ( 10.0 ( 10.0,15.0 )mg) ( Z = - 3. 449, P 〈 0.01 ). The incidence of PONV after surgery in Group N was 21.9% , which was lower than that of Group R (45.5 % ) (χ^2 = 4. 034, P 〈 0. 05 ). Ptients' satisfaction score for analgesia in 24 h after surgery in Group N was 8.0 (7.0,8.0) point, which was higher than that of Group R ( 7.0 ( 6.0,7.0 ) point ) ( Z = - 3.509, P 〈 0.01 ). At 6 h postoperatively , the eoncentration of plasma β-EP in Group N was( 113.34 ± 12. 36) μg/L,lower than that of Group R( ( 147. 14 ± 11.65)μg/L) ( t = - 7. 694, P 〈 0. 01 ). Conclusion Low dose naloxone combine with ropivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block, prolong the duration of sensory and motor blockade without affecting the onset time.
出处 《中华医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2017年第48期3787-3791,共5页 National Medical Journal of China
关键词 剂量效应关系 药物 自主神经传导阻滞 Β内啡肽 纳洛酮 罗哌卡因 Dose-response relationship, drug Autonomic nerve block Beta-endorphin Naloxone Ropivacaine
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