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高龄老年住院患者急性肾损伤发生情况及预后因素分析 被引量:12

Incidence and short-term outcomes of acute kidney injury in very elderly patients
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摘要 目的对高龄老年急性肾损伤(AKI)患者进行随访观察,分析老年人AKI的发生率、临床特点及对患者短期生存的影响。方法选择2007年1月至2015年12月就诊于解放军总医院老年病房≥75岁的患者为研究对象,观察其AKI发生率。根据AKI后90 d时患者的生存情况,将患者分为死亡组和存活组进行分析,采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析老年患者AKI后90 d生存的影响因素。AKI诊断及分期标准采用改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO) 2012年的诊断标准。短暂性AKI定义为AKI发生3 d时血清肌酐(SCr)下降至基线水平,持续性AKI定义为AKI发生3 d时SCr无下降(〉基线SCr水平)。结果研究期间,39.0%(668/1 711)的高龄老年患者发生了AKI,排除10例住院时间〈48 h者及6例资料不全者,最终纳入652例患者进行分析,其中男623例,占95.6%,年龄87(84,91)岁。根据KDIGO分期标准,AKI 1期308(47.2%)例,2期164(25.2%)例,3期180(27.6%)例。AKI发生90 d时病死率为33.6%(219/652)。多因素Cox回归分析显示持续性AKI(HR=5.741,95% CI:3.356~9.822,P〈0.001)、更高的AKI分期(AKI 2期:HR=3.363,95% CI:1.973~5.732,P〈0.001;AKI 3期:HR=4.741,95% CI:2.807~8.008,P〈0.001)、伴发感染(HR=1.410,95% CI:1.055~1.884,P=0.020)、少尿(HR=1.948,95% CI:1.266~2.998,P=0.002)和血尿素氮(BUN)增高(HR=1.025,95% CI:1.014~1.037,P〈0.001)是高龄老年住院患者AKI后90 d死亡的独立危险因素。基础体质指数高(HR=0.939,95% CI:0.897~0.984,P=0.008)、AKI时平均动脉压升高(HR=0.969,95% CI:0.959~0.979,P〈0.001)和血清前白蛋白升高(HR=0.935,95% CI:0.911~0.959,P〈0.001)是影响高龄老年患者AKI后90 d生存的独立保护因素。结论高龄老年住院患者AKI的发生率高达39.0%,提高临床医师的重视程度,增加对SCr的监测频率,是降低AKI漏诊率的有效手段。早期识别危险因素可能有助于改善患者的短期预后。 ObjectivesTo study the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very elderly patients.MethodsThe very elderly patients (≥75 years) from the Geriatric Department of the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2007 and December 2015 were retrospectively enrolled. AKI was defined according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. AKI patients were divided into survivor group and non-survivor group by their outcomes within 90 days after AKI. Prognostic survival factors were identified using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsIn total, 668 geriatric patients (39.0%) developed AKI, and 652 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of the cohort was 87 (84-91) years, the majority (623 cases, 95.6%) of whom were male. Among these 652 patients, 308 (47.2%) had AKI stage 1, 164 (25.2%) had AKI stage 2, and 180 (27.6%) had AKI stage 3. Of the 652 AKI patients, the 90-day mortality was 33.6% (219/652). Multivariate analysis by the Cox model revealed that persistent AKI (HR=5.741, 95% CI: 3.356-9.822, P〈0.001), more severe AKI stage (stage 2: HR=3.363, 95% CI: 1.973-5.732, P〈0.001 and stage 3: HR=4.741, 95% CI: 2.807-8.008, P〈0.001), high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (HR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.014-1.037, P〈0.001), low body mass index (HR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.897-0.984, P=0.008), low mean arterial pressure (MAP) (HR=0.969, 95% CI: 0.959-0.979, P〈0.001), low prealbumin level (HR=0.935, 95% CI: 0.911-0.959, P〈0.001), infection (HR=1.410, 95% CI: 1.055-1.884, P=0.020), oliguria (HR=1.948, 95% CI: 1.266-2.998, P=0.002) were associated with 90-day mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence of AKI increases significantly with advanced age. More frequent serum creatinine (SCr) measurements may be helpful for the early diagnosis of geriatric AKI. Identification of risk factors might promote more intensive monitoring and early prevention, and thus improve outcomes for very elderly patients with AKI.
出处 《中华医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第2期96-101,共6页 National Medical Journal of China
基金 国家自然科学基金(81370452)
关键词 急性肾功能不全 老年人 预后 危险因素 Acute kidney injury Aged Prognosis Risk factors
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