摘要
依据2012~2013年在南沙群岛西南部和北部湾口海域进行的拖网调查数据,分析了调查海域中鲨鱼的种类组成和数量分布。结果表明,本次调查共兼捕到鲨鱼16种,分别隶属于5目10科。其中,2012年秋季航次出现鲨鱼6种,北部湾口海域以阴影绒毛鲨(Cephaloscyllium isabellum)和网纹绒毛鲨(C.fasciatum)为优势种,南沙群岛西南部海域以阴影绒毛鲨和短吻角鲨(Squalus brevirostris)为优势种;2013年春季航次出现鲨鱼13种,北部湾口海域以阴影绒毛鲨为绝对优势种,南沙群岛西南部海域以哈氏原鲨(Proseyllium habereri)和阴影绒毛鲨为优势种。鲨鱼的尾数单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUEN)范围为1~27 ind·h^(-1),重量单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUEW)范围为0.19~5.85 kg·h^(-1),在整个调查海域范围内,南沙群岛西南部海域为鲨鱼主要分布。本文调查分析结果可为掌握南海鲨鱼的种类组成和地理分布现状以及估算鲨鱼资源量提供基础资料,也可为制定鲨鱼养护等政策提供科学依据。
Sharks are top predators and play an important role in marine food webs,but they have limited potential to recover from overfishing and habitat destruction.Therefore,sharks are supposed to be given priority for protection.But now resources of sharks are declining.To enrich the data of sharks investigation in China,we analyzed the species composition and quantitative distribution of sharks based on a fixed-point trawl survey in the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands and mouth of the Beibu Bay in the South China Sea from2012 to 2013.The sharks classification was based on Zhu et al.and Chen et al.and the data of temperature,salinity and depth were collected by SBE-37.The CPUE are standardized by weight（kg） and quantity（ind）per hour.The results show that there are 16 shark species belonging to 5 orders,10 families,including 6 species in the autumn of 2012 and 13 species in the spring of 2013.Cephaloscyllium isabellum and Cephaloscyllium fasciatum are the dominant species in mouth of the Beibu Bay of the autumn,Cephaloscyllium isabellum and Squalus brevirostris are the dominant species in the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands of the autumn; Cephaloscyllium isabellum is the most dominant species in mouth of the Beibu Bay of the spring,Cephaloscyllium isabellum and Proseyllium habereri are the dominant species in the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands of the spring.The CPUE of the sharks standardized by ind are between 1 ind·h^（-1） and 27 ind·h^（-1） and kg are between 0.19 kg · h^（-1） and 5.85 kg · h^（-1）.The influences of natural environment and human activities in the investigated area make the distribution of sharks show both seasonal difference and area difference,and the southwestern sea of the Nansha Islands of the spring is the main sharks area.Human activities affect the survival of sharks in many ways.In response to this,some measures have been maken internationally,but the measures are not strong enough to protect sharks well.Our research can provide basic data for mastering the species composition and geographical distribution of shark species to estimate shark resources in the South China Sea,and scientific basis for the formulation of shark conservation policies.
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期27-37,共11页
Marine Fisheries
基金
全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr
GASI-02-SCS-YSWaut)
