摘要
消费者的质量意识水平和制造商的工艺创新能力影响产品的质量选择.考虑到这种影响,本文分别研究在中心化供应链和由一制造商与一零售商组成的两级分散化供应链中产品的质量选择和数量决策.前者为优化问题而后者为以制造商为领导者的Stackelberg博弈问题.为以上问题建立数学模型并获得其解析解.进而,从理论上分析质量成本参数、消费者的质量意识水平和制造商的工艺创新能力对供应链的决策、利润以及消费者剩余的影响.同时,利用算例分析在分散化供应链中消费者的质量意识水平和制造商的工艺创新能力对供应链决策、利润及消费者剩余的影响程度.最后发现:消费者的质量意识水平越高或制造商的工艺创新能力越强,供应链趋于选择越高的产品质量和数量;这种高质高产的决策在给供应链带来更多利润的同时,消费者剩余也得到提高,从而整个社会福利相应提高且社会资源得到合理的利用.此外,如果考虑到渠道选择对消费者的质量意识水平和制造商的工艺创新能力的影响,双边际化效应在分散化供应链中不总是占优的;随着在分散化供应链中消费者的质量意识水平和制造商的工艺创新能力的增强,双边际化效应将逐渐弱化甚至消失.研究也为政府等公共管理部门针对质量问题的引导和监管提供了相应的洞见.
The consumers＇quality consciousness and manufacturer＇s process innovation ability in a supply chain have an impact on the level of quality choice. Taking this into account, this paper investigates the opti- mal decisions-making on both quality and quantity in a centralized and a two-stage decentralized supply chain, respectively. The decentralized supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer; the former is an optimi- zation problem and the latter is a Stackelberg game in which the manufacturer is the leader and the retailer is the follower. These two problems above are modeled, and closed-form solutions are obtained. The paper also examines the impacts of the parameters of quality cost, consumers＇quality consciousness and manufacturer＇s process innovation ability on supply chain decisions,supply chain profits and consumers＇surplus. Also, a com- putational study is used to explore the sensitivities of the optimal decisions, profits and consumers＇surplus in the decentralized supply chain to the consumers＇ quality consciousness and manufacturer＇s process innovation a- bility. It is found that the higher the consumers＇quality consciousness or the stronger the manufacturer＇s process innovation ability is, the higher the quality and quantity are in the supply chain; the high-quality, high-yield policy brings to the supply chain more profits and the consumers＇ surplus can also be improved. Fur- ther, social welfare increases and the resources are effectively utilized. In addition, the double marginalization effect is not always dominant in the distribution channel in view of the impact of channel selection on both the consumer＇s quality consciousness and manufacturer＇s process innovation ability. This kind of double marginal- ization effect will diminish or even disappear as the consumer＇s quality consciousness and manufacturer＇spro- cess innovation ability increase in the distribution channel. This study also shows some management insights in- to the public sector＇s （such as government） guidance and supervision of quality problems.
作者
温小琴
胡奇英
WEN Xiao-qin1, HU Qi-ying2(1. School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; 2. School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, Chin)
出处
《管理科学学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期80-90,共11页
Journal of Management Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71671046
11671250)
