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一起学校人鼻病毒呼吸道感染病例暴发疫情调查分析 被引量:8

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摘要 目的调查分析河源市1起由人鼻病毒(以下简称HRV)引起的上呼吸道感染病例暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为今后预防控制HRV引起的上呼吸道感染病例暴发疫情提供科学参考。方法参照《广东省流感监测方案(2010版)》(粤卫办[2010]76号)对该校学生进行流行病学调查;采集出现病例较多的班级学生咽拭子,使用real-time RT-PCR方法检测。结果首例病例2月25日发病,末例病例3月8日,经过7 d最长潜伏期无新发病例出现,历时20日疫情结束。有2个年级发生病例,其中高一级的罹患率是9.68%(9/93),高二年级的20.77%(70/337),高二级罹患率高于高一级的(χ2=5.982,P<0.05)。住宿生和非住宿生均有病例。病例均为高中生,年龄介于16~19岁之间。男生罹患率为21.36%(44/206),女性的为15.63%(35/224),男女生罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.353,P>0.05)。病例症状较轻,无重症或死亡。以流涕、咳嗽、咽痛为主,其中流涕76.00%(60例),咳嗽73.00%(58例),咽痛52.00%(41例);无明显症状患者占有一定比例。采集两个班级现症患者共16份咽拭子标本,其中7份检出HRV核酸,阳性率44.00%,排除了其他12种呼吸道病毒。结论河源市首次由实验室确诊的HRV引起的普通感冒暴发疫情,症状比流感病毒引起流感的轻,症状以流涕、咳嗽、咽痛为主;病毒传播速度快,易引起暴发。加强晨检和因病缺勤报告及病例居家隔离、校园卫生消毒、个人卫生健康教育、身体锻炼,"春捂"保暖等,可能是防控HRV引起的上呼吸道感染疫情的有效措施。
出处 《河南预防医学杂志》 2018年第5期391-392,共2页 Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine
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