摘要
为探明不同程度轻度盐胁迫对滴灌棉花光合生理、生长指标及产量的影响,采取桶栽的方式人为设置不同土壤含盐量,研究了6种不同盐胁迫(CK:1.5g/kg,T1:3.0g/kg,T2:4.0g/kg,T3:5.3g/kg,T4:6.2g/kg,T5:7.3g/kg)处理下棉花的生理生长及产量的变化规律,为新疆轻度盐碱地棉花栽培管理提供理论基础。结果表明,随着盐胁迫程度的增加及胁迫时间的延长,棉花光合生理指标均呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。T1、T2处理对棉花净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)及叶片水分利用效率(WUE)的影响不显著(P>0.05),而T3、T4及T5处理对光合生理指标具有显著抑制性(P<0.05);生育前期盐分胁迫下P_n与T_r、G_s、C_i均呈下降趋势,而L_s值随着盐胁迫的增加呈升高趋势。吐絮期的P_n、G_s、_Ls均小于蕾期,而C_i却大于蕾期;株高、叶面积在生育前期受到盐胁迫的影响显著,到生育后期T2、T3处理株高、叶面积增长迅速,最大值均为T3处理;T1、T2较CK处理对棉花产量及单株铃数、单铃质量影响不大,T3处理产量迅速降低,通过分段耐盐函数得到棉花在0—40cm土层全生育期的耐盐临界值为5.441 9g/kg(St)、耐盐极限值为44.201 6g/kg(S0);产量与P_n、WUE、株高(H)、叶面积(S)拟合程度较好,相关系数分别为0.69,0.73,0.50和0.72。综合分析,与中、重度盐分胁迫相比,轻度盐胁迫下导致棉花光合速率下降的原因生育前期为气孔限制因素,生育后期为非气孔限制因素,光合参数与盐胁迫程度关系密切,而棉花产量又表现出与光合作用指标具有较好的相关关系。
In order to find out the effects of mild salt stress on photosynthetic physiology,growth index and yield of cotton under drip irrigation,six different salt stress（CK：1.5 g/kg,T1：3.0 g/kg,T2：4.0 g/kg,T3：5.3 g/kg,T4：6.2 g/kg,T5：7.3 g/kg）were applied in barrel cultivated cotton,and the changes in physiological growth and yield were studied to provide the theoretical basis for cultivation and management of cotton in salinity soil.The results showed that with the increase of salt stress and the extension of stress time,the photosynthetic physiological indexes of cotton showed a downward trend（P〈0.01）.The effect of T1 and T2 on cotton net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）,stomatal conductance（Gs）,intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）and leaf water use efficiency（WUE）were not significant（P〉0.05）,while the effect of T3,T4,and T5 on photosynthetic physiological indexes showed significant inhibition（P〉0.05）;Pn,Tr,Gs,and Ci in early growth under salt stress were decreased,and Lsvalue increased with increasing salt stress.Pn,Gs,and Lsin the opening stage were less than in the bud stage,and Ciwas greater in the opening stage than in the bud stage.Plant height and leaf area in the early stage was significantly affected by salt stress,increased rapidly in the later stage in T2 and T3,and maximized in T3.Comparedwith CK,T1 and T2 did not affect yield,cotton boll number per plant,and boll quality,but the yield in T3 decreased rapidly.Through the sub salt tolerance function,the salt critical value of cotton in the whole growth period of 0—40 cm soil was 5.441 9 g/kg（St）,and the salt tolerance limit was 44.201 6 g/kg（S0）.Yield had a good fitting degree with Pn,WUE,plant height（H）,and leaf area（S）,the correlation coefficients were0.69,0.73,0.50 and 0.72,respectively.In conclusion,mild salt stress led to the photosynthetic rate decline of cotton through stomatal limitation in growth stage,and through non stomatal limitation factors in late growth stage compared with moderate and severe salt stress.Photosynthetic parameters and salt stress degree were closely related,and cotton yield and photosynthetic indexes showed a good correlation.
作者
朱延凯
王振华
李文昊
ZHU Yankai;WANG Zhenhua;LI Wenhao(College of Water ＆ Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production ＆ Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000)
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期298-305,共8页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51369027
51741908)
国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD20B03)
关键词
滴灌棉花
盐胁迫
光合作用
生长特性
产量
drip irrigation cotton
salt stress
photosynthesis
growth characteristics
yield
