摘要
利用高通量测序技术分析了三艘公海交换压载水、一艘近岸交换压载水的远洋船舶微生物的群落组成,共检测出27门、61纲、138目、249科、481属、836种;黄海远岸的压载水样检测到的细菌种类最多,达到564种;东海远岸的压载水样细菌种类最少,只有406种。主要优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占主导地位。假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)为γ-变形菌纲中绝对优势属,分布于各海域压载水样中,同温度和营养盐有一定的正相关性,同盐度、p H有较强的负相关性;蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)是南海远岸交换的压载水样中检测出的优势门类,远高于其它海域压载水样,其所对应的原绿球藻属和浮霉状菌属同环境因子溶解氧(DO)有显著的正相关性,与温度、营养盐呈负相关性;Salinimicrobium是黄海远岸压载水样品独有优势属,与p H和溶解氧呈正相关性,与营养盐呈负相关性;不同海域海洋微生物及其海洋环境对压载水微生物的多样性起决定作用,压载舱独特的环境对压载水微生物有一定的选择作用。依据IMO准则结合本文研究,在公海交换压载水对压载水微生物群落组成结构有很大的影响,且对海洋环境的保护,防止生物入侵和致病菌传播具有重要的作用。
The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the community composition of ballast water samples collected from three vessels which conducted the seawater exchange in international sea and from one vessel in which the ballast water was exchanged at offshore. A total of 27 phyla,61 classes,138 orders,249 families,481 genera and 836 species were detected. The ballast water samples collected from the far shore of the Yellow Sea possessed the largest number of bacterial species detected,up to 564 species; the number of ballast water-borne bacterial species in the far shore of the East China Sea is the lowest with only406 species. The main dominant groups are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,of which the Proteobacteria dominates. Pseudoalteromonas is an absolute dominant genus of γ-Proteobacteria,distributed in ballast water samples of various sea areas and has a certain positive correlation with temperature and nutrients but strong negative correleation with salinity and p H; Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes are the dominant phyla detected in ballast water samples exchanged in the distant shores of the South China Sea,much higher than those in other sea areas,and their corresponding originals. There was a significant positive correlation between dissolved oxygen and environmental factors in the genera Chlorophycoccus and Pseudomonas; it was negatively correlated with temperature and nutrients; and Salinimicrobium was the unique genus which is the dominant phytoplankton in the ballast water samples from the Yellow Sea. Dissolved oxygen and p H were positively correlated with this genus which is negatively correlated with nutrient salts. Marine microorganisms in different sea areas and their marine environment determined the impact on the diversity of ballast water microbes and the unique environment of ballast tanks has certain choices for ballast water microbes. The role of exchanging ballast water on the open seas in accordance with the IMO guidelines has a great influence on the compositional structure of the ballast water microbial community. Therefore,it plays an important role in the protection of the marine environment and the prevention of biological invasion and spread of pathogenic bacteria.
作者
王雷
吴惠仙
王琼
袁林
刘亮
WANG Lei;WU Huixian;WANG Qiong;YUAN Lin;LIU Liang(College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai 201306, China)
出处
《上海海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期372-379,共8页
Journal of Shanghai Ocean University
基金
上海市科委科研计划项目(17DZ1202905)
上海市科委研发平台专项(16DZ2293800)
上海市自然基金(15ZR1420900)
海洋工程装备检测试验技术国家工程试验室建设项目[沪发改高技(2016)99号]
关键词
压载水
微生物
公海换水
生物多样性
ballast water
microorganisms
water-exchanged on the open sea
biodiversity
