摘要
纳米多孔碳材料因其丰富的空隙、大比表面积及易于设计等特点在工业上展现出巨大的应用潜力,而通过调控其组成结构以获得更优的性能并实现制备成本的控制一直是研究的重点.金属有机框架(MOFs)作为一种新型的晶态多孔材料,具有组成可调、结构多样、孔径可控等特点,在催化、能量储存和转化、气体储存、环境修复等诸多方面受到了广泛的关注.特别地,基于MOFs的结构与组成,MOFs被用作制备各种形式的纳米多孔碳材料以及新的多功能碳基复合材料的通用前体,与单个组件组装的复合材料相比,它往往表现出更优越的功能特性.本文综述了近年来采用MOFs热解的方法制备多孔碳材料的设计原理和策略,为获得高性能多孔碳及其复合材料提供借鉴并给出了未来的发展前景和挑战.
Nano-porous carbon（NPCs） materials exhibit great application potential in industry because of its abundant pore structures,large specific surface area and easy to design.The key points of the research usually focus on the achievement of better performance and lower preparation cost through adjusting its composition and structure.Metal organic frameworks（MOFs） as a new kind of porous crystal material,have the outstanding features of adjustable composition,multiple structure,adjustable controllable pore size,which has received the widespread attention in catalysis,energy storage and conversion,gas storage,environmental restoration,and so on.In particular,based on the structure and composition of MOFs,it can be used for the preparation of various forms of porous carbon materials or a novel multifunctional carbon composite material as the common precursor.Compared with the composite material assembled with single component,the MOFs derived porous carbon materials often shows superior features.In this paper,the design principles and strategies for the preparation of porous carbon materials through MOFs pyrolysis are reviewed in this paper and the future development prospects and challenges are presented for obtain high performance porous carbon and its composite materials.MOFs derived porous carbon can be obtain via a pyrolysis process,which inherit the structure features of MOF precursor to a large extent.Researchers can design the MOFs derived porous carbon from the particle and pore size,heteroatom doping,metal species anchoring,microtopography and composite structure,etc.,for expanding the application scope and improving performance.For the morphology,not only the zero dimensional quantum dot,two dimensional nanosheet and three dimensional framework can be prepared,but also NPCs can grow on different substrate surface to form a composite structure.Moreover,block or cloth integral NPCs materials also be reported to enrich the application form.For the composition,heteroatom doping such as N,S,P is proved to be effective approach to enhance the NPCs electro-catalytic property and the addition of secondary carbon source containing these atoms is a facile method to prepare such materials.More importantly,the metal species are evenly distributed in the MOFs as crosslinking sites,so the metal-loading NPCs can be easily obtained by direct carbonation,and the form of metal nanoparticle can be adjusted by controlling the precursor composition,pyrolysis conditions and post treatment.Especially,it is an inspiring and effective method to prepare uniform and high-loading single atom-immobilized NPCs based on MOFs structure.In order to promote the industrial application process of MOFs derived porous carbon materials,adopting cheaper ligands and developing simple synthesis and control methods are still the direction of efforts.Furthermore,it should strengthen the research of the inner relationship between special morphology,composition and application performance,and pay more attention to understand the action mechanism for the characteristics and formation of activity sites in the MOFs derived NPCs affecting its related application performance.Only by combining theoretical research and experimental analysis to guide the design of MOFs derived porous carbon materials in the future can we fabricate applicable NPCs material with both merits of low cost and excellent performance.
作者
周奇
吴宇恩
Qi Zhou;Yuen Wu(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Department of Chemistry,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials（iChEM）,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第22期2246-2263,共18页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发项目(2017YFA0208300)
国家自然科学基金(21522107,21671180,21521091,21390393,U1463202,91645203,21603170)资助
