摘要
中国云南红河哈尼梯田社会-生态系统被列入世界自然文化遗产,其在气候变化适应上具有一定的典型性,科学评估其对气候变化脆弱性对于制定气候变化适应政策及地区可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于"气候-生计"脆弱性框架,以云南省哈尼族农村社区为例,结合问卷调查和气象数据,利用模糊综合评价法对哈尼族农村社会-生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性进行了评估与分析。结果表明:①哈尼族农村社区对气候变化的暴露度较高(0.52),但由于当地社会-生态系统的敏感性较小(0.44),适应能力适中(0.48),系统整体脆弱性较低(0.02);②哈尼族社会-生态系统对气候变化脆弱性较低得益于当地可持续的社会-生态系统,传统的文化组织制度及集体行动机制;③不同地区敏感性及适应能力内部结构分化,自然资本、物质资本及社会资本是制约地区适应能力的重要因素。因此,维护并发挥好当地的社会-生态系统及传统组织制度,同时提高公共服务供给有助于维持较低的气候变化脆弱性。
The Hani terrace in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, has been listed as a world natural and cultural heritage, and its adaptation to climate change is typical. A scientific evaluation of vulnerability to climate change in ethnic minority regions is significant to make climate change adaption policy and sustainable development in minority area. A ＂climatelivelihood＂ vulnerability assessment framework was built based on a vulnerability analysis framework of ＂exposure-sensitive-adaptability＂ proposed by IPCC. The vulnerability of the minority rural social-ecological systems to climate change was evaluated and analyzed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method combined the questionnaire survey data and meteorological statistics taking Hani minority area in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan Province as a case study. The results are as following：① The minority communities in rural areas would have a higher exposure to climate change（0.52）, but its overall vulnerability is low（0.02）. It is noted that the sensitivity of social-ecological system is lower（0.44） while local adaptability is moderate（0.48）.② Social-ecological system in Hani rural area is less vulnerable to climate change due to the local sustainable social-ecological factors, traditional culture about production and living practice, efficient organization system, and low-cost collective action mechanism.③ The internal structure of sensitivity and adaptability differ from region to region, such as, natural capital,material capital, and social capital. Thus, improving the adaptability of the region from these three aspects respectively is a key to reducing vulnerability. Moreover, protecting local social-ecological system, playing the role of traditional culture and organization system, as well as increasing the public services supply at community level can help maintain the low vulnerability and enhance the adaptability to climate change in ethnic minorities area.
作者
常丽博
骆耀峰
刘金龙
CHANG Libo;LUO Yaofeng;LIU Jinlong(College of Economics and Management,Northwest A ＆F University,Yangling,712100,China;School of Agricultural Economics ＆ Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期1787-1799,共13页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(编号:71403209)
关键词
气候变化
社会-生态系统
脆弱性
哈尼族
climate change
social-ecological system
vulnerability
Hani minority
