摘要
利用GIS技术分析了河西走廊山地-荒漠-绿洲复合景观生态系统的景观要素及其成因类型。研究结果表明:1)复合景观生态系统、山地景观生态系统、绿洲景观生态系统、荒漠景观生态系统分别由5、10、10和4种景观组分组成;荒漠景观、山地草原、耕地、砾漠分别为基质;水系和道路起廊道的作用;其余景观要素均为斑块。2)景观要素的成因类型包括引入型、环境资源型、残留型、干扰型。与草原类型、植被类型的高级单位相比,景观生态系统类型具有最高的概括性;每一级景观生态系统类型中相互区别的异质性区域不是景观生态系统类型,而是景观生态系统的结构组分,根据形状、面积大小和连通程度的不同,分别充当基质、斑块或廊道的角色。
<Abstrcat>Landscape pattern and system coupling of the metaecosystem of mountain, desert and oasis in Hexi corridor, Gansu, China were analyzed with remote sensing and GIS. The results showed that:1) the metaecosystem of mountain, desert and oasis in Hexi corridor, Gansu, China is made up of 5 landscape ecosystems that are mountain, desert, oasis, water region and road. Desert has the biggest area, it is the matrix and plays the dominant role in the functioning of the metalandscape system; mountain and oasis are the patch; while water region and road play the role of the corridor.2)the mountain landscape ecosystem is made up of 10 landscape element types, that are residence land, cultivated land, mountain desert, mountain grassland, mountain forestland, submountain vegetation, mountain vegetation, ice and snow, river and road. Of these, mountain covers the most proportion of the mountain landscape ecosystem and most connected, so it plays the role of matrix; river and road, the corridor; the other landscape elements, the patch. 3)the desert landscape ecosystem is made up of 4 landscape element types that are rocky desert, sandy desert, gravel desert and road. Of these, gravel desert has the biggest area and most connected, it is the matrix of the desert landscape ecosystem; road, the corridor; rocky desert and sandy desert, the patch.4)the oasis landscape ecosystem is made up of 10 landscape elements that are residence land, cultivated land, grassland, forestland, water region, road, rocky desert, sandy desert and gravel desert. Of these, cultivated land covers the most of the area and most connected, it is the matrix of the oasis landscape ecosystem; water region and road, the corridor; the others, the patch. 5) the type of the landscape elements is broader than the type of the grassland and the vegetation, but the three classifications all are hierarchy relying on the scale. The types of the grassland or vegetation are still the types of the grassland or vegetation, while one type is divided into different types through the hierarchy classification. But in the landscape classification hierarchy, the different divisions of a landscape cannot be called landscape again, on the other hand, they are landscape element of the landscape pattern, and play the roles of matrix, patch or corridor according to their area, shape size and connectivity. They can be categorized according to their origins or causative mechanisms.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
2002年第3期40-47,共8页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:39630250)
