摘要
目的了解住院HIV感染者隐球菌抗原血症和相关隐球菌病的发生率。方法回顾性分析南京市第二医院感染病科2016年1月至2018年2月收治的517例HIV感染者的病历资料,包括年龄、性别、临床特征、既往病史、实验室检查、胸部CT检查、治疗以及对治疗的反应。采用新型隐球菌抗原侧流免疫层析法检测血清隐球菌抗原(serumcryptococcalantigen,sCrAg)。统计学分析采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果517例HIV感染者中,sCrAg阳性51例,男49例。共342例(66.2%)患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数〈100×106个/L,而sCrAg阳性者中,46例(90.2%)CD4+T淋巴细胞计数〈100×10。个/L,两者比较差异有统计学意义(X2=14.6,P〈0.01)。CD4+T淋巴细胞计数〈100×106个/L是隐球菌抗原血症的独立危险因素(OR=4.7,95%CI:1.8~12.5,P〈0.01)。51例sCrAg阳性者中,39例(76.4%)存在至少一种临床隐球菌病,合并隐球菌性脑膜炎(cryptococcalmeningitis,CM)、肺隐球菌病(pulmonarycryptococcosis,PC)、隐球菌败血症以及隐球菌性淋巴结炎者分别为28例(56%)、27例(52.9%)、16例(44.4%)和1例(2.o%);单纯隐球菌抗原血症11例(21.6%)。CM与无CM患者的sCrAg滴度分别为1:1280(1:10~1:2560)和1:15(1:2~1:2560)。sCrAg滴度≤1:5、1:10~1:320和≥1:640的患者合并CM者分别为O/lO、10/20和18/20。当隐球菌感染局限在肺部时,7/8患者sCrAg滴度≤1:20。10例sCrAg滴度≤1:5的患者中,3例存在PC。隐球菌败血症以及单纯隐球菌抗原血症的sCrAg滴度分别为1:1280(1:10~1:2560)和1:5(1:2~1:320)。结论住院HlV感染者隐球菌抗原血症的发生率较高,多数sCrAg阳性患者存在临床隐球菌病,sCrAg可在一定程度上反映隐球菌感染状态,sCrAg滴度≥1:640是预示CM的危急值。sCrAg滴度≤1:5时,合并隐球菌败血症或CM的可能性不大,但尚需要警惕PC。
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and explore the related cryptococcal lesions in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients. Methods Medical records of 517 HIV-infected patients, including patients" age, sex, clinical features, previous medical history, laboratory tests, chest CT, treatment and the response to treatment, in the Second Hospital of the Nanjing between January 2016 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The serum cryptoeoccal antigen (sCrAg) was detected by lateral flow immunoassay. The X2 test or Fisher exact test was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results Among 517 HIV-infected cases, 51 were sCrAg positive, of whom 96.1% (49 cases) were men. The cases with CD4+ T lymphocyte count 〈100 X 106 cells/L accounted for 66.2 % (342 cases), while 90.2 % (46 cases) in sCrAg-positive patients showed CD4+T lymphocyte count 〈 100 X l0s cells/L with statistical significance (X2 = 14. 6, P% 0. 01). Multivariable analysis revealed that CD4+ T lymphocyte count %100 X 106 cells/L was independent risk factor for cryptococcal antigenemia (OR= 4. 7; 95%CI: 1. 8—12. 5, P〈0.01). Clinical cryptococcal diseases were found in 76. 4% (39/51) of patients with cryptococcal antigenemia, and cryptococcal meningitis (CM), pulmonary cyptococcosis (PC) and cryptococcal septicemia were found in 56% (28/ 50), 52. 9% (27/51) and 44. 4% (16/36) of the patients, respectively. Cryptoccal disease was not identified in 21. 6% (11/51) of the patients with cryptococcal antigenemia (isolated cryptococcal antigenemia). The median (range) sCrAg titers of the patients with and without CM were 1 : 1 280 (1:10—1:2 560) and 1:15 (1:2—1:2 560), respectively (P〈0.01). The proportion of CM in patients with sCrAgtiters41:5, 1:10--1:320 and ~1:640 were 0 (0/10), 50% (10/20) and 90% (18/20), respectively. When cryptococcal infection was restricted to the lung, 87.5% (7/8) of the patients had sCrAg titers 41:20. 30% (3/10) of the patients with sCrAg titers 41:5 had PC. The median (range) sCrAg titers of the patients with cryptococcal septicemia and with isolated cryptococcal antigenemia were 1:1 280 (1:10—1:2 560) and 1:5 (1:2—1:320), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of cryptococcal antigenmia is high in hospitalized HIV-infected patients. Most patients with cryptococcal antigenemia have developed cryptococcal diseases. The sCrAg titer in HIV patients may, in some extend, predicts the condition of cryptococcal infection, sCrAg titers ≥1 : 640 are strongly suggestive of CM. Patients with sCrAg titers ≤1:5 seems unlikely to have CM or cryptococcal septicemia, however, clinician should still be alarmed of possible PC.
作者
胡志亮
陈伟
陈亚玲
刘媛
池云
成骢
杨永峰
魏洪霞
Hu Zhiliang;Chen Wei;Chen Yaling;Liu Yuan;Chi Yun;Cheng Cong;Yang Yongf eng;Wei Hongxia(Department of Infectious Diseases,the Second Hospital of Nanjing,Nanjing 210003,China)
出处
《中华传染病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2018年第8期480-484,共5页
Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases