摘要
随着要素禀赋的相对变化,人力资本成为欧洲国家的充裕要素,非熟练/半熟练劳动力成为欧洲国家的稀缺要素。前者从全球化中受益,后者从全球化中受损。在内嵌式自由主义的经济秩序下,作为稀缺要素所有者的产业工人可以获得一定的保护或补偿,从而认可全球化。但随着新自由主义全球化的推进,主流左翼政党通过劳动力市场的灵活性改革等方式来满足人力资本要素所有者的需求,不再顾及产业工人的利益。原本作为主流左翼政党选民基础的产业工人由此陷入了没有政治代言人的困境。民粹主义政党借机填补了空白,成为维护产业工人利益的政党,相应地通过反自由贸易、反移民、反欧元等反全球化诉求来吸引产业工人的支持。随着民粹主义政党的兴起,欧洲的政党格局依据支持或反对全球化的不同选择而重新分化组合。
With the relative change of factor endowment, human capital becomes an abundant factor and unskilled/semi-skilled labor becomes a scarce factor in European countries. The former is the winner of globalization, and the latter is the loser of globalization. Under the embedded liberal World Economic order, the industrial workers, as the owners of the scarce factor, obtained some protection or compensation, thus they didn＇t oppose globalization. However, with the globalization of neo-liberalism, the main stream left parties meet the demand of the human capital factor owners through the flexibility reform of labor market, and no longer take into account the interests of industrial workers. Therefore, the industrial workers who originally were voters of the mainstream left parties lack a political spokesperson among the mainstream parties. The populist parties take the opportunity to fill the gap and become parties representing the interests of industrial workers. They have gained the support of industrial workers through anti-globalization, such as against free trade, anti-immigrant and anti-euro. With the rise of populist parties, party system in European countries depends on the different options to support or op pose globalization.
作者
田野
Tian Ye(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第10期43-54,共12页
Teaching and Research
基金
北京市宣传文化高层次人才培养资助项目"反建制主义与西方自由主义秩序的新挑战"(项目号:2017XCB006)的阶段性成果
关键词
全球化
要素禀赋
政党重组
民粹主义
globalization
factor endowment
party realignments
populism
