摘要
农民工的市民化待遇一直是经济学和社会学的研究热点,如何能实现农民工的同工同酬是问题的关键。文章将研究的背景追溯至农民工权益保障较为缺乏的时期,基于CHIPS2007微观调查数据,研究农民工是否能单纯通过延长迁移时间和积累与迁移地相适应的非农工作经验的途径来实现与城镇职工的工资同化。实证结果表明:纠正样本自选择偏误后,农民工无法实现与城镇职工的工资同化,迁移之初农民工比城镇职工的小时工资低大约30.53%,持续迁移至多可以消除大约9.4%的工资差距。进一步,本文使用职业转移矩阵和Brown分解方法对农民工无法实现工资同化的机制进行了分析,发现迁移时间无法根本消除工资差距主要是因为职业分布固化和户籍歧视。具体来看,农民工职业分布固定且缺乏流动晋升,"同化效应"虽能有效地减少工资差距,但无法从根本上消除由户籍因素所主导的职业内的工资差距,也不能消除由于人力资本不足所主导的无法攀登职业阶梯而带来的职业间的差距。
This paper traces the period when the protection of rural immigrants’ rights and interests is relatively rare. Based on the CHIPS2007 data,this paper investigates whether rural immigrants could be assimilated into the urban labor market through extending the migration time and accumulating the non-agricultural work experience which is compatible with the destination. The results show that although the returns on the non-agricultural work experience of rural immigrants are higher than those of urban workers in the shortterm,the relative returns on the experience will gradually decline in the long-term. As a result,rural immigrants could not be assimilated into the urban labor market during their life cycle. We should note that there is a sample self-selection problem in our empirical research,that is,some rural immigrants may choose to return to their hometowns,and their decisions are the results of their self-selection,which are related to the observable individual characteristics and the unobservable individual abilities. If we ignore the rural immigrants who may choose to return to hometowns,the estimation of the impact of migration time on the wage gap between rural immigrants and urban workers will suffer from a large deviation. Based on this judgment,we employ the Heckman’s two-steps model to correct the selection bias. After correcting the selection bias,we find that the hourly wage of rural immigrants is about 30.53% lower than that of urban workers at the beginning of migration,and the sustained migration could eliminate up to 9.4% of the wage gap. Although the assimilation rate between rural immigrants and urban workers has increased,rural immigrants still cannot be assimilated into the urban labor market through extending the migration time. In order to deeply investigate the reasons why rural immigrants cannot be assimilated by extending their migration time,we firstly use an occupational transfer matrix to analyze the occupational distribution of rural immigrants and whether there are rises in their occupational ladder. Our results show that the occupational distribution of rural immigrants is relatively fixed and there is a lack of rise in their occupational ladder. Furthermore,we employ the improved Brown Decomposition method to investigate the wage gap between rural immigrants and urban workers from three dimensions:'between occupation effect','within occupation effect',and 'assimilation effect'. We find that 'assimilation effect' brought by the extension of the migration time can reduce the wage gap to a certain extent,but it could not fundamentally eliminate the wage gap caused by both the household register discrimination within the occupation and the lack of human capital which makes them not have the abilities to climb the occupational ladder.
作者
吕炜
杨沫
朱东明
Lv Wei;Yang Mo;Zhu Dongming(Institute of Economic and Social Development, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025, China;Institute of Economics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期86-99,共14页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然基金重点项目(71833002)
关键词
农民工
迁移时间
工资同化
职业流动
户籍歧视
rural immigrants
migration time
economic assimilation
occupational mobility
hukou discrimination
