地理位置与优惠政策对中国地区经济发展的相关贡献被引量：165

The Relative Contributions of Location and Preferential Policies in China's Regional Development

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摘要以往关于中国省级地区发展不均的研究中 ,不少学者已经认识到在省级地区经济增长回归模型中引入地区虚拟变量的重要性。其中有为数不多但颇有影响的研究认为国家给予地方的优惠政策对沿海地区经济的快速增长起着至关重要的作用。在本文中 ,我们用地区参与国际贸易的能力 (其地理位置 )和优惠政策指数取代以往研究中的地区虚拟变量。我们发现地理和政策要素对沿海地区经济发展同样重要 (各占 3个百分点 )。不过 ,相对政策要素而言 ,地理要素比政策要素对地区经济增长的影响有长得多的滞后效应。政策指数在北京、上海、天津等大城市最高 ,而在中部和西北部省份则最低。优惠政策在很大程度上不过是促进市场化和国际化的取消限制的松绑政策 ,使得沿海地区向东亚邻国及其它竞争对手靠拢。研究结果显示 ,省际收入差距变动的条件收敛较弱(统计上不显著 ) ,这反映了现行体制通过对劳动力和资本要素流动的限制和对Stolper Samuelson机制的限制 ,阻碍了省际收入差距的收敛过程。例如 ,传统户籍制度将农民束缚在土地上、国家垄断银行系统对国有企业的信贷倾斜 ,以及地方保护主义造成的地区间贸易壁垒。显然 ,这些规章制度必须逐步取消。开发西部地区的有效战略必须包括实际资本、人力资本以及制度资本的形成。 A large part of the literature on provicial inequality in China has found it necessary to include regional dummies in the provincial growth regressions.A smaller but vocal part of the literature has emphasized the granting of preferential policies to explain the faster growth of the coastal provinces.We replace the regional dummies with a measure of the ability to participate in international trade (Geography),and a preferential policy index (Policy).We find that Geography and Plicy had about equal influence on coastal growth.Geography affected growth with a much loger lag than Plicy,howerver.The policy index was highest for the metropolises (Beijing,Shanghai,and Tianjin),and lowest for the central and northwestern provinces.The preferential policies are to a large extent“deregulation policies”that enabled marketisation and internationalization of the coastal economies,and allowed them to become more like their East Asian neighbors.The weak support for conditional convergence is in line with the existence of institutions that retard the income convergence process generated by the movement of labor and capital,and by the Stopler-Samuelson mechanism.The household registration system ties the peasants to the land,the monopoly state bank system favors borrowing by state enterprises,and local protectionism reduces inter-provincial trade.Clearly,these institutions need to be deregulated.An effective strategy to develop the western provinces must therefore encompass physical capital formation,human capital formation,and institutional capital formation.

作者 Sylvie Dmurger 杰夫.萨克斯胡永泰鲍曙明张欣

机构地区法国国家科学研究所国际发展研究中心哈佛大学国际发展研究中心加州大学戴维斯分校经济系密西根大学中国信息研究中心托列多大学经济系

出处《经济研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2002年第9期14-23,共10页 Economic Research Journal

关键词地理位置优惠政策中国经济发展区域增长模式西部地区开发战略 China's Regional Growth Pattern Economic Geogaphy Preferential Policies China's Western Region Development Strategy

分类号 F127 [经济管理—世界经济] F129.9 [经济管理—世界经济]

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