摘要
玉米是中国第一大作物,在中国粮食安全和粮食经济中占有重要地位。除草剂烟嘧磺隆在保证玉米稳产和高产上发挥着重要作用,但因农民不正确或超量施用烟嘧磺隆,导致玉米除草剂药害问题与日俱增,引起玉米大量减产甚至绝产。通过在玉米不同生长发育时期施用不同剂量烟嘧磺隆,分析烟嘧磺隆对玉米药害发生程度、生长、产量、营养品质的影响,探讨在玉米生产中应如何正确施用烟嘧磺隆,以期为玉米的安全生产提供参考。本试验选择玉米不同生育期(2-4叶期、4-6叶期和6-8叶期)分别施用不同剂量除草剂烟嘧磺隆(5个剂量),系统研究了烟嘧磺隆对玉米生长、产量和营养品质的影响。研究结果表明,在玉米不同生育期施用烟嘧磺隆对玉米植株生长发育、产量和营养品质都有一定的影响,2-4叶期处理,不同剂量处理对植株株高和产量没有显著影响,但4-6叶期和6-8叶期处理,不同剂量处理对植株株高和叶片长宽都产生了显著的影响,超正常剂量显著降低植株的株高和叶片的长宽。不同施药时期和施药量对玉米产量没有显著影响,但高剂量和晚期处理可造成玉米明显减产,减产率达到15%以上;同时对玉米的品质也有一定影响,高剂量处理降低玉米蛋白质的含量。因此,采用除草剂烟嘧磺隆防除玉米田杂草时,最好在4叶期施用且不要超量(<3 000mL·hm^(-2)),才能保证玉米的产量和营养品质。
Maize is the most important crop in China,and it plays a critical role in food security and economy.Nicosulfuron is one ofthe most extensively used herbicides to keep the high and stable yield.However,it is not applied improperly or overused causingserious herbicide injury to corn plants,decrease or even wiping out grain harvest.In this study,we report effects of Nicosulfuron onplant growth,yield and grain nutrient quality of maize application at3maize different development stages(2-4leaf stage,4-6leafstage and6-8leaf stage)with5different application rates(2-4leaf stage:750,1500,2250,3000mL·hm-2;4-6leaf stage:1500,2250,3000,3750mL·hm-2;6-8leaf stage:1500,3000,3750,4500mL·hm-2).We also discuss how to properly use Nicosulfuronon corn plants.The results showed that Nicosulfuron had an effect on the plant growth,yield and seed quality of maize.Nosignificantly difference on plant height and yield were detected when Nicosulfuron was applied at different rates at2-4leaf stage,whereas there were significant different(P<0.01%)on plant height among different rates at4-6or6-8leaf stage.Nicosulfuron hadno significant effect on the yield of maize at different application times and rates,but at a higher rate(>3000mL·hm-2)andapplication at4-6or6-8leaf stages,the yield decreased more than15%and the protein of maize grain was lower than that of check.When using Nicosulfuron to control weeds,we recommend to apply it prior to4leaf stage and at a rate<3000mL·hm-2in order toachieve desired weed control while not negatively affecting maize yield and grain quality.
作者
姚远
高增贵
孙艳秋
刘限
YAO Yuan;GAO Zenggui;SUN Yanqiu;LIU Xian(College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;College of Bioscience and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期171-175,共5页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
农业部公益性行业专项项目(201203098)
关键词
玉米
烟嘧磺隆
生长发育
产量
营养品质
maize
nicosulfuron
growth and development
yield
nutrient quality
