摘要
被害人所追寻的目的因被欺骗而落空的特殊诈骗案件,典型表现为捐赠诈骗、乞讨诈骗等,实践中主要存在约定的使用目的落空和其他目的落空两种类型。被害人目的落空案件应否被纳入诈骗罪的可罚性范围内,教义学上存在较大分歧。学说主要对诈骗罪客观构造中的欺诈行为、财产处分、财产损失等要件进行规范化理解,但这导致了诈骗罪客观构造的复杂化和犯罪认定的模糊化。应当承认捐赠诈骗等案件符合诈骗罪的客观构成要件,并进一步讨论损失结果的客观归责问题。捐赠诈骗的欺诈行为制造并实现了法上不被允许的风险;这种风险制造的行为,导致被害人出现的错误缺乏法益关联性,其同意有效;在利他情形下,被害人有意识的自我损害应由被害人自我答责,排除损失的客观可归责性,从而排除诈骗罪的可罚性。
Cases involving failure in the victim'intended purpose because of being deceived are typi-cally represented by charity frauds and begging frauds.In practice,most cases involve failure in achieving an appointed purpose or other purposes.There is a fierce debate about whether such cases should be trea-ted as a kind of punishable fraud in terms of dogmatics.The existing theories focus mainly on the norma-tive interpretation of the objective constitutive elements of fraud,such as act of deception,property dis-posal and property damage,which leads to complication and confusion in determination of the crime.This study holds that cases such as charity fraud are consistent with the essentials of fraud and proposes princi-ples concerning objective respsonsibilty imputation for property damage.Deception of charity fraud cre-ates and realizes a risk that is not allowed by law,which leads to a lack of legal relevance between the vic-tims'mistakes and their legal interest and therefore the victim's consent is valid.Under the circum-stances of benefiting others,the victims should bear the self-responsibility if they are aware of the dam-age to themselves.The property damage should not be objectively imputed to the perpetrator,making the charity fraud unpunishable as crime of fraud.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第2期414-439,共26页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金一般项目"互联网视角下的持有型犯罪研究"(项目编号:17BFX070)的阶段性成果
关键词
被害人目的落空
诈骗罪
捐赠诈骗
客观归责
自我答责
Failure in Victim'Intended Purpose
Crime of Fraud
Charity Fraud
Objective Imputation
Sel--responsibility
