摘要
磷矿石和磷肥中含有一定量的重金属,这些重金属会随肥料的施用进入土壤,从而对土壤环境产生一定的影响。为探讨含磷肥料中镉、砷的土壤累积风险,通过文献查阅和样品采集,分析了我国含磷肥料中重金属镉和砷的含量,并借助情景分析解析了不同重金属含量的磷肥在不同施用量的情景下对土壤镉和砷累积速率的影响,同时比较了我国磷肥镉含量与进口磷肥的差异。结果表明,含磷肥料的镉含量均值±标准偏差为0.91±2.39 mg·kg-1,中位数为0.26 mg·kg-1。镉分布于痕量~27.17 mg·kg-1,其中95%的值低于3.60 mg·kg-1。砷含量的均值±标准偏差为19.83±11.37 mg·kg-1,中位数为19.57 mg·kg-1。含量范围为0.025~90.10 mg·kg-1,95%分位值为35.63 mg·kg-1。依据《肥料中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞生态指标》(GB/T 23349—2009)标准限值,镉和砷含量的超标率仅为0.6%和1.9%。和国外相比,我国磷肥中镉含量较低。在小麦、玉米和水稻三种种植模式下,按照95%含量分位值计算,磷肥表层土壤(20 cm)镉年输入速率为0.673、1.0 0.824、0.693μg·kg-1·a-1;而砷则分别为17.49、21.37、17.90μg·kg-1·a-1。可见我国含磷肥料中镉、砷含量相对较低,对土壤累积的环境污染风险较小。
As an important agricultural method,application of phosphorus fertilizer can lead to certain impacts,because it contains heavy metal.Published literature was reviewed and phosphorus fertilizer samples were collected in this study,to investigate content of cadmium and arsenic in the fertilizer in China as well as the annual inputs of the two elements were calculated under different plantation scenarios.A comparison between fertilizer in China and abroad was also made.The results showed that the mean±standard deviation of Cd content in phosphate fertilizer was 0.91±2.39 mg·kg^-1 and the median was 0.26 mg·kg^-1.Cd content ranged between N.D.and 27.17 mg·kg^-1 and 95%of the contents were below 3.60 mg·kg^-1.While for arsenic content,the mean±standard deviation was 19.83±11.37 mg·kg^-1 and the median of As content was 19.57 mg·kg^-1.The range was between 0.025~90.10 mg·kg^-1 and 95%of the As contents were less than 35.63 mg·kg^-1.According to ecological index of arsenic,cadmium,lead,chromium and mercury for fertilizers GB/T 23349-2009,only 0.6%and 1.9%of the data of Cd and As was above the limits,respectively.Compared to fertilizer in the abroad market,domestic phosphorus fertilizer contained much less Cd and As.With the plantation of wheat,maize and rice,the annual input of Cd in topsoil was 0.673,0.824 and 0.693μg·kg^-1·a^-1;for As,the input was 17.49,21.37 and 17.90μg·kg^-1·a^-1,respectively.Therefore,Cd and content in phosphorus fertilizer in China was very low,and it barely causes heavy metal risks to the soil environment.
作者
余垚
朱丽娜
郭天亮
黄青青
王琪
陈清
李花粉
YU Yao;ZHU Li-na;GUO Tian-liang;HUANG Qing-qing;WANG Qi;CHEN Qing;LI Hua-fen(Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第7期1326-1331,共6页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-23-B16)
国家自然科学基金项目(41471271)
关键词
磷肥
镉
砷
累积速率
环境风险
phosphorus fertilizer
cadmium
arsenic
accumulation rate
environmental risk
