摘要
环境立法是解决环境外部性问题的重要手段,但其能否起到优化资源配置的作用,是评估环境立法政策效果的重要内容。本文利用地方环境立法的设定作为准自然实验,基于1998—2007年中国工业企业微观数据,运用倍差法考察环境立法对行业资源配置的影响。实证结果表明:地方环境立法有助于缩小行业内生产率离散程度,实现行业资源的优化配置。进一步的机制分析发现:一方面,环境立法通过提高企业平均生产率而优化企业内部资源配置,而且低生产率企业的生产率水平提高幅度大于高生产率企业,引起行业生产率离散程度缩小;另一方面,环境立法通过抑制低生产率企业进入和促进低生产率企业退出而达到优化企业之间资源配置的作用。此外,环境立法的资源配置效应具有企业层面和地区层面的异质性,环境立法只有对高研发强度的企业才能起到优化行业资源配置的作用;较之非国有企业,环境立法对国有企业的行业资源配置作用更大;高强度的执法力度是保障环境立法发挥资源配置作用的关键。
This paper identifies the causal relationship of local environmental legislation on resources allocation using the difference-in-difference methodology,based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises during 1998-2007.It is found that local environmental legislation has negative effect on productivity dispersion,optimizing resources allocation of China’s manufacturing industry.We further analyze the mechanism of this influence and find two important channels.From the point of view of productivity,environmental legislation improves the average productivity of enterprises and the productivity of low-productivity enterprises increases more than that of high-productivity enterprises,resulting in the shrink of productivity dispersion.From the point of view of enterprise dynamics,environmental legislation restrains enterprises from entering and promoting the exit of low-productivity enterprises so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources among enterprises in the industry.What’s more,the influence of environmental legislation on productivity dispersion is different across firms and regions.That is,environmental legislation has more negative effects on productivity dispersion of firms with higher R&D density and non-state-owned enterprises.In addition,strict regional law enforcement is an important factor to ensure the negative effect of environmental legislation on productivity dispersion.
作者
李蕾蕾
盛丹
LI Lei-lei;SHENG Dan(School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第7期136-154,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"环境管制与中国出口贸易:基于异质性贸易理论的视角"(批准号71673150)
国家自然科学基金面上项目"国际贸易与工资不平等:基于企业内和企业间工资不平等的研究"(批准号71573141)
关键词
地方环境立法
生产率离散
资源配置
local environmental legislation
productivity dispersion
resources allocation
