摘要
因产业结构调整和矿产资源枯竭,中国各地出现了大量矿业废弃地,带来一系列的生态环境问题并造成土地资源浪费,及时对其进行生态恢复与可持续利用,可以快速地变废为宝,赋予废弃土地新的生态、休闲、地域文化延续以及经济价值。海口市矿坑群改造项目基于矿区典型景观、热带自然环境等地域特征,从地形条件及竖向设计、汇储水条件与水景设计、植被的恢复与利用、场地弃置矿石的再利用和建成后的污染防治等五个方面对矿坑分别进行了景观生态设计与可持续利用。在此基础上,提出:(1)依据矿区生态系统特征、地理位置及自然恢复情况,将其分为自然恢复、自然恢复与人工修复、生态修复与适度开发三大类;(2)适度开发矿坑及周围被污染的非法养殖场地,建设城市郊野公园、康养社区和市民运动中心,为区域带来生态、经济与社会效益;(3)利用矿区地形高差将地势较低且地下水位较高处设计为水景,依据植被现状将其修复为山丘台地草坡、湿地景观区、热带草本植物种植带、林地保留及培育区、热带蔬果种植园和休闲景观绿地,弃置矿石材料进行资源化利用作为铺装、景观山丘堆放材料等,营造具有热带矿坑特征的可持续景观;(4)加强对矿坑开发后的生活垃圾、污水和餐饮油烟等污染物防治,建立专业化垃圾处理模式,利用生态湿地对污水进行净化,提升餐饮油烟净化技术。研究旨在促进修复后的矿坑场地的可持续利用,为其他地区的废弃矿坑改造利用提供参考。
Due to industrial restructuring and the exhaustion of mineral resources,a large number of abandoned mines have appeared in China.The wasteland of abandoned mines,pits,and obsolete mining infrastructure is an environmental problem and a waste of land resources.Ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of abandoned mines can endow the former wasteland with new ecological,recreational,cultural,and economic value.Based on a typical mining landscape in a tropical environment and other regional characteristics in Haikou,our quarry restoration project focuses on five challenges:topographical design of vertical rock faces,hydrological design of flooded pits,horticultural design using plants to recover mineral rubble,creative reuse and reorientation of abandoned rocks,and prevention of further pollution of abandoned mine sites.This study identifies four considerations in an ecologically sensitive approach to landscape design of abandoned mines.First,mines should be classified into three categories based on ecological characteristics and location:natural restoration,natural and artificial restoration,and ecological restoration and moderate development.Second,redeveloping the mines and surrounding animal agriculture operations,which are both polluting and illegal,as park land,elderly housing,and civic sports field,could bring ecological,economic and social benefits to the region.Third,landscape design should use local terrain,water,vegetation and materials.Four,to strengthen the prevention and control of pollution after mine redevelopment we advocate establishing specialized domestic waste treatment systems,creating wetlands to purify sewage,and improving technologies to reduce emissions from food preparation.The concepts developed in this study could have implications for quarry restoration in other regions.
作者
肖晓楠
韩西丽
曾辉
丁恺昕
施晓东
XIAO Xiaonan;HAN Xili;ZENG Hui;DING Kaixin;SHI Xiaodong(School of Urban Planning and Design,Shenzhen Graduate School,Peking University,Shenzhen 518055,China;College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第7期1343-1350,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505801)
关键词
矿坑
景观生态设计
可持续利用
海口市
abandoned mines
landscape ecological design
sustainable utilization
Haikou
