摘要
四环素类抗生素由于其广谱性和价格低廉被广泛应用于畜禽养殖及水产养殖业,但这些抗生素却不能完全被机体吸收,而大部分以原形或代谢物形式经粪便排出体外,并随着粪肥农用最终在土壤中吸附累积,造成污染,进而危害农业土壤生态安全。农业土壤四环素抗生素污染已成为当前农业环境污染及生态安全研究的热点之一,为更确切全面地评估四环素抗生素对中国农业土壤的污染和危害,文章对该物质在农业土壤中的污染现状和来源分析进行综述,旨在为中国农业土壤抗生素污染防治和环境风险评价提供科学依据。据文献报道,中国农业土壤普遍检出四环素类抗生素,其中土霉素、金霉素和四环素的质量分数分别为0~8 400、0~5 520和0~2 450μg·kg^(-1);部分样点土壤中四环素类抗生素的含量超出了兽药国际协调委员会(VICH)筹划指导委员会提出的土壤抗生素生态毒害效应的触发值(100μg·kg^(-1)),具有一定生态风险。研究表明,相对四环素,土壤残留的土霉素和金霉素生态风险较高。此外,文献调研指出,中国农业土壤四环素类抗生素主要来源于畜禽粪肥的施用。一般情况下,粪肥施用量越大,施用时间越长,土壤残留四环素类抗生素的含量就越高。通过对近10年中国农业土壤四环素类抗生素污染现状研究进展的综述,以及对中国农业土壤四环素类抗生素污染特征和主要来源的剖析,提出今后应进一步重视对区域尺度上农业土壤抗生素输入量的调查和污染源的解析;并将"土壤-作物-周围水体"作为一个整体,开展抗生素迁移转化和生态环境风险评估的相关研究。
Tetracycline antibiotics are widely used in livestock and poultry farming and aquaculture due to their low cost and broad-spectrum in treatment and prevention of human and animal diseases.Since a considerable fraction of administered antibiotics is weakly absorbed by humans and animals,the major portion of consumed antibiotics is excreted to the environment in their original forms and/or metabolites with urine and feces.They are readily adsorbed and accumulated by soil and sediments,resulting in environmental pollution as well as endangering the safety of agricultural soil ecological system.Therefore,agricultural soil pollution imposed by tetracycline antibiotics has been paid enough attention.This review focused on the pollution status and sources of tetracycline antibiotics in agricultural soil in China,in an effort to provide more comprehensive evaluation on their pollution prevention and environmental risk assessment.According to related literatures,tetracycline antibiotics have been widely detected in agricultural soil samples in China,with concentrations varying from 0 to 8 400μg·kg-1 for oxytetracycline,0 to 5 520μg·kg-1 for chlorotetracycline,and 0 to 2 450μg·kg-1 for tetracycline.Tetracycline antibiotics concentrations in part of the samples exceeded the ecotoxic effect trigger value(100μg·kg-1)set by the Steering Committee of Veterinary International Committee on Harmonization(VICH).The ecological risk,associated with oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline is relatively high,and is lower for tetracycline.Tetracycline antibiotics in agricultural soil in China mainly come from the application of livestock and poultry manure.In general,the application time and the content of tetracycline antibiotics in the soil increase with the amount of livestock and poultry manure applied.Based on the review of research status on agricultural soil pollutions resulted from tetracycline antibiotics in the recent ten years,more studies on the administered amount of antibiotics on a regional scale and pollution source analysis should be carried out in the future,with the ambient soil-crop-water environment being treated as a whole system.It is also recommended that research work on the transportation and ecological risk assessment in such systems should be conducted.
作者
曾巧云
丁丹
檀笑
ZENG Qiaoyun;DING dan;TAN Xiao(College of Natural Resource and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;South China Institute of Environmental Science,Guangzhou 510655,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第9期1774-1782,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41471215)
广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210107)
东莞市社会科技发展项目(2016208101012)
关键词
农业土壤
四环素类抗生素
污染现状
污染来源
agricultural soil
tetracycline antibiotics
pollution status
pollution sources
