摘要
[目的]解决梅州产区烤烟生产过程中存在的苗期长势不佳、假熟导致的烤烟质量下降的问题。[方法]设计不同的垄高与移栽方式处理,研究垄高与移栽方式对烤烟采收时期耐熟性以及烤后烟叶产质量的影响。[结果]高垄与膜下移栽组合处理成熟期的烤烟大田农艺形状、经济指标、干物质积累量表现为最优,同时烟叶的落黄层次好,采收时间与其他处理相比有所推迟。烟叶的内在化学成分受垄高与移栽方式影响较大,增加垄体高度处理的烟叶总糖、还原糖、烟碱、淀粉降低,钾含量升高;膜下移栽处理提高中上部烟叶糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比,降低烟碱与淀粉含量,使烟叶化学成分更加协调;评吸结果表明,高垄膜下移栽组合处理烟叶的香气质好、香气量足、刺激性小,烟叶的评吸质量综合评分较高;烤后烟叶的产量与均价有所提高,烟叶中上等烟比例增加。[结论]高垄膜下移栽处理的烤后烟叶质量和经济效益最好。
[Objective]To solve the problems of poor growth of flue-cured tobacco in the production process of flue-cured tobacco in Meizhou producing area and the decline of flue-cured tobacco quality caused by fake ripening.[Method]Treatments of different ridge heights and transplanting methods were designed to study the effects of ridge height and transplanting method on the ripening resistance,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.[Result]The agronomic shape,economic indicators and dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco in the mature period of high ridge and sub-membrane transplanting were the optimal,and the yellowing level of tobacco leaves was good.The harvesting time was delayed compared with other treatments.The intrinsic chemical composition of tobacco leaves was greatly affected by ridge height and transplanting method.The treatment of increasing ridge height had lower total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine and starch,but higher potassium content.Sub-membrane transplanting treatment improved the sugar-alkali ratio,the nitrogen-alkali ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio in middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves,decreased the contents of nicotine and starch,which made the chemical composition of tobacco leaves more harmonious.The results of smoking evaluation showed that the aroma of high-mulch transplanting treatment was good,and the aroma was sufficient with little irritancy.The comprehensive evaluation score of tobacco leaves was higher;the yield and average price of tobacco leaves after roasting were increased,and the proportion of upper tobacco in tobacco leaves was higher.[Conclusion]The treatment of high ridge and sub-membrane transplanting showed the optimal quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.
作者
袁文彬
宗钊辉
谢晋
黄浩
王维
YUAN Wen-bin;ZONG Zhao-hui;XIE Jin(China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510610;Tobacco Laboratory,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2018年第27期45-49,共5页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东中烟工业有限责任公司基金项目(粤烟工15XM-QK[2013]-001)
关键词
烤烟
垄高
膜下移栽
产质量
成熟度
Flue-cured tobacco
Ridge height
Sub-membrane transplanting
Yield and quality
Maturity degree
