摘要
由于干旱自身不同于其他自然灾害的发生发展特点,目前国内外对干旱的研究及如何应对干旱所引发的灾害依然存在诸多障碍。根据水文干旱研究中所应用的游程理论,进一步分析阐述了干旱的发展演变过程,及干旱各参数之间的关系,确定了干旱的内涵为水分的供需平衡,从而定义了一个具有广泛意义的干旱概念。在此基础上阐述了不同部门所关注干旱类型之间的区别与联系,分析了各干旱类型的侧重点及其时空尺度。并进一步以干旱概念为基础,分析了干旱指数的构建依据及其优缺点,并得出以SPAC(土壤-植物-大气连续体)为基础构建具有较强物理基础的机理性干旱指数是未来干旱监测研究的方向。同时,干旱是一个非常复杂的过程,需要多学科联动建立一套较为完善的科学理论,才能使干旱研究更深入。
Drought is one of the most severe natural disasters worldwide.Due to its specific characteristics compared with other disasters,it is seldom understood and dealing with it timely is difficult.Based on the run theory that used in hydrology drought research,the drought development and the relationship between vary drought parameters was analyzed.We suggest that drought is the phenomenon as the water deficit in water balance,and we gave a general definition for drought.After then,the difference and relations between several drought categories are analyzed,including theirs temporal and spatial scale.Based on the general definition of drought,we discuss the establishment of some drought indices and theirs advantages and disadvantages.Meanwhile,we suggest that the index based on soil plant atmosphere continuum would be the best one to monitoring drought accurately.Additionally,the development of drought is very complex,so we suggest that it is necessary to unite multidisciplinary to deal with drought and establish a comprehensive theory for drought research.
作者
赵福年
王润元
王莺
王鹤龄
张凯
赵鸿
ZHAO Funian;WANG Runyuan;WANG Ying;WANG Heling;ZHANG Kai;ZHAO Hong(Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《灾害学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第4期32-39,共8页
Journal of Catastrophology
基金
国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506001-2)
国家自然科学基金项目(41375019)
甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(GSMAMs2018-14)
关键词
干旱定义
干旱过程
时间尺度
空间尺度
干旱指数
drought definition
drought process
temporal scale
spatial scale
drought indices
