摘要
通草花是以通脱木精髓为原料制成的高仿真手工人造花,其制作技艺在手工技艺中占有独特地位。通过梳理清宫造办处相关档案,分析清代宫廷技艺最繁盛的18世纪通草花的制作单位、制作者、方式、种类、用途和兴衰原因等,认为以清宫造办处花儿作为核心的作坊制作了种类繁多的通草花(包括通草戴花、娃娃、瓶花、供花、果子、盆景等),这些通草花用于宫廷年节(端午节、中秋节、重阳节或万寿节)陈设、日常陈设和日常佩戴。由于雍正皇帝和孝贤纯皇后的倡导以及乾隆皇帝兴趣的转移,18世纪清宫通草花制作呈现"雍兴乾衰"阶梯式下降趋势。
As a simulation and artificial flower made by hands,Tongcao flower is made of the pith of Tetrapanax papyrifer(Hook.)K.Koch,which was a unique skill in craftsmanship family.This article analyzes the phenomena of the Tongcao flower making in the Qing court in 18 th century.It showed that Hua er Zuo of the Imperial Workshops made a lot of kinds of Tongcao flowers,including Tongcao Dai flower,Tongcao Wawa,Tongcao Vase flowers,Tongcao Offering flower,Tongcao Fruit,Tongcao Bonsai,which were widely used in festivals,displaying in court and wearing.There was a trend that Tongcao flower making thrived in Yongzheng Reign and decayed in Qianlong Reign,which was related to sparkplugging by Yongzheng Emperor and Empress Xiaoxianchun,the wife of Qianlong Emperor,and the interest shifting by Qianlong Emperor.
作者
张学渝
ZHANG Xue-yu(Department of History,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China)
出处
《北京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第10期66-75,共10页
Social Sciences of Beijing
基金
2017年度中山大学人文社会科学青年教师桐山基金项目资助"18世纪粤海关承办贡品研究"(72120-54500001)
关键词
通脱木
通草花
花儿作
活计清档
技术史
Tetrapanax papyrifer(Hook.)K.Koch
Tongcao flower
Hua er Zuo
Huo Ji Dang
history of technology
