摘要
为了研究北疆地区滴灌种植模式对棉田土壤水盐运移、土壤温度、生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,通过测坑试验,以传统漫灌种植模式(一膜两管四行模式M4)为对照,设置了3种滴灌种植模式(一膜两管六行模式M1、一膜三管六行模式M2、一膜两管四行模式M3)。结果表明,相同灌溉定额下,M2模式下根区的土壤水盐分布对于棉花的生长和水分吸收利用是最为有利的,M1和M3模式次之,M4模式最不利;除M4模式外,其它三种种植模式下的土壤增温快,降温慢,表现出了较好的保温、提温作用。故不同种植模式下滴灌带布置方式、灌溉方式、覆膜宽度等造成了土壤水盐分布、温度变化的不同,进而对棉花的光合作用、生长产生了影响,最终导致棉花的产量及水分利用效率存在着差异,其中M2模式平均产量与WUEET最高,分别为6 701 kg·hm^(-2)、1.07 kg·m^(-3),M4模式最低,分别为4 908 kg·hm^(-2)、0.77 kg·m^(-3)。因此,从提高水分利用效率与增产的角度分析,推荐在北疆地区以一膜三管六行模式(M2)的超宽膜机采模式为主要种植模式。
The effects of drip-irrigated planting patterns on water-salt transport,soil temperature,growth,yield and water use efficiency of cotton Nongfeng 133 were analyzed.Test-pit experiments were set under three drip-irrigated planting mode(M1,M2,and M3)and flood-irrigated planting mode(M4)as the control.The results showed that,M2 mode kept the soil water and salt conservation in root zone and it benefited to cotton growth and water use efficiency.Modes of M1 and M3 were worse than M2 and M4 was the worst.Except M4,other plastic film mulching cultivation modes could improve soil temperature quickly and decrease temperature slowly.Water efficiency and yield varied among capillary arrangements,irrigation methods and film width.Water use efficiency and average yield of M2 were 6 701 kg·hm-2 and 1.07 kg·m-3 respectively and were much higher than which of other modes.The indexes of M4 were only 4 908 kg·hm-2 and 0.77 kg·m-3 respectively.These findings suggested that the super wide film and mechanical picking pattern might be a good choice,especially M2,considering increase agricultural water resource efficiently and yield.
作者
王萌萌
吕廷波
何新林
曹玉斌
王东旺
WANG Meng-meng;LV Ting-bo;HE Xin-lin;CAO Yu-bin;WANG Dong-wang(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Bingtuan,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期176-186,共11页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金(51669030)
关键词
棉花
种植模式
水分利用效率
土壤水盐分布
土壤温度
cotton
planting mode
water use efficiency
soil water-salt distribution
soil temperature
