摘要
采用装有羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)与高能推进剂的多种规格固体火箭发动机,对工程应用的5种炭/炭(C/C)复合材料和2种石墨喉衬进行地面点火试验。揭示碳基材料喉衬烧蚀率与喷管热环境的燃气特性、燃烧室压强,以及材料本体特性等三要素的关联度,并与其他国家同类型材料进行了对比。结果表明,喷管热环境的燃气氧化性组分浓度和燃烧室压强对碳基材料喉衬烧蚀率有较大影响。压强是影响烧蚀率的第一要素,压强增加1倍,烧蚀率增大1. 8～2. 6倍;燃气氧化性组分浓度是影响烧蚀率的第二要素,HTPB H_2O的摩尔浓度比高能推进剂高1. 26倍,因而烧蚀率增大51. 6%～65. 1%。在碳基材料喉衬中烧蚀率最低的是热解石墨;其次是整体毡C/C、针刺炭纤维C/C、轴编4D C/C、绕纱(穿刺) 3D C/C及T705石墨等处于同一水平;而径编4D C/C喉衬烧蚀率偏高。整体而言,中国碳基喉衬材料与其他国家同类材料相比,其烧蚀率基本相当或略优。
Solid rocket motors using five different C/C composites(radially woven 4D C/C,axially woven 4D C/C,integral felt C/C,needle felt C/C and punctured 3D C/C)and two kinds of graphite(T705 graphite and an anisotropic pyrolytic graphite with a density of 2.18 g/cm 3,a porosity of 1%and graphene layers perpendicular to throat surface)as the throat inserts were propelled by hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene or a high energy fuel to test the ablation rates of the throat inserts.The effect of nozzle thermal environment(propellant type and combustion chamber pressure)on the ablation rates of the throat insert materials was investigated under identical conditions.Results show that the ablation rates of the carbon materials are closely related to the concentration of the oxidative gases(H 2O and CO 2)and the chamber pressure.The chamber pressure is of primary importance,and doubling it leads to an increase of ablation rates by 1.8-2.6 times.The ablation rates using the hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene propellant are 51.6%-65.1%higher than those using the high energy propellant because the concentration of oxidizing H 2O in the former is 1.26 times higher than that in the latter.The pyrolytic graphite has the lowest ablation rate followed by the integral felt C/C,needle felt C/C and axially woven 4D C/C.The radially woven 4D C/C has the highest rate,and the punctured 3D C/C and T705 graphite have similar ablation rates.The ablation rates of the five composites and two graphites made in China are similar or superior to the C/C composites and Graphnol graphite made in other countries.
作者
苏君明
周绍建
薛宁娟
肖春
孙建涛
李瑞珍
崔红
SU Jun-ming;ZHOU Shao-jian;XUE Ning-juan;XIAO Chun;SUN Jian-tao;LI Rui-zhen;CUI Hong(Xi’an Aerospace Composite Research Institute,Xi’an 710025,China;Xi’an Chaoma Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710025,China)
出处
《新型炭材料》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期442-448,共7页
New Carbon Materials
