摘要
在公共性范式变迁的影响下,日本第三部门的发展模式实现了从“市民运动”“市民活动”到“市民参与”的历史性转换。然而,当前日本第三部门的市民参与活动正面临日趋严峻且具有二重性质的“资源格差”困境。为化解这一困境,日本第三部门创造性地提出“市民资金理论”及其筹资策略的革新方式,并积极展开相关实践活动。作为这一实践活动的典型代表之一,“京都地域创造基金”不仅积极援用“市民资金理论”,而且对其进行深化和发展,构建出独树一帜的“市民资金型财团”的组织运行模式,实施包括“冠名资助或褒奖项目”“事业指定资助项目”“主题型提案项目”“慈善项目策划与实施事业”以及“京都NPO活动支援融资制度”在内的一系列创新式项目,在努力筹集到市民资金(消解“资源格差”的外部困境)之后,根据“NPO信息公开和认证制度”以及各种项目审查会等制度性程序将其免费提供或借贷给第三部门组织(消解“资源格差”的内部困境),从而为京都府第三部门顺利实施相关公益创业提供了所需资金,同时也为化解京都府第三部门所面临的“资源格差”的外部和内部困境进行了卓有成效的探索,进而为日本构建以“市民社会”为基础的第三部门发展战略提供了参考范例。
With the impact of changes in the public paradigm,the development model of Japan s third sector has seen a historic transformation from“citizens movements”and“citizens activities”,to“civic participation”.However,at present,the civic participation activities of Japan s third sector are facing the increasingly serious dual-natured dilemma of“resource hierarchy”.In order to resolve this dilemma,the Japanese third sector has drawn on its creativity to come up with the innovative approach of“civic funding theory”and corresponding fundraising strategies.In pr actice,related activities are actively being launched.The“Kyoto Foundation for Positive Social Change”,typically representative of these activities,not only enthusiastically cites“civic funding theory”,but is also adding depth to,and developing it.It has formed its own unique“civic funding foundation”operating model,and implements a series of innovative programs,including“Sponsor-Named or Commemorative Projects”,“Designated-Cause Sponsorship Projects”,“Theme-Selected Sponsorship Projects”,“Charitable Project Design and Event Implementation”and its“Financial Support System for Kyoto NPO Activity”.After working hard to raise civic funds(to resolve the problem of“resource hierarchy”that exits outside of the third sector itself),it provides these funds or makes loans without charge to third sector organizations(to resolve the problem of“resource stratification”internal to the third sector).This is done in accordance with the“NPO Information Disclosure and Certification System”,and systematic procedures such as various types of project review meetings.Thus,it provides the funds needed by Kyoto Prefecture's third sector to successfully implement enterprising public welfare work,whilst at the same time undertaking outstanding explorations into eliminating both the external and internal dilemmas of“resource hierarchy”faced by the prefecture s third sector.This affords Japan an example of a development strategy for the third sector formed on the basis of“civil society”.
出处
《中国非营利评论》
2012年第2期189-211,共23页
China Nonprofit Review
基金
国家留学基金委“日本政府(文部科学省)博士生奖学金项目([2010]6058)”的资助
关键词
第三部门
资源格差
市民资金
公益创业
京都地域创造基金
Third Sector
Resource Hierarchy
Civic Funding
Enterprising Public Welfare Work
Kyoto Foundation for Positive Social Change
