摘要
分析了参加里约奥运会的1位帆板运动员(QO)历时1年多的心理训练个案。以作者所提出的运动员心理建设系统为依据,为QO的心理训练制订了三重目标:控制赛前的焦虑反应;在12 d的比赛中使情绪保持在积极且平稳的状态;培养积极的思维习惯和行为方式,为长期的自我发展奠定良好的心理基础。采用9种方式进行心理干预,包括制订心理对策库、进行心理讲座、参观博物馆、个人比赛经历分析、书法练习、个别咨询、赛前准备会和赛中小结会、自我监控及反馈、心理测试及反馈。通过2种方式评价心理训练效果,包括个人自评和教练评价。评价结果部分符合预期,部分在意料之外。对术道兼修的思路和做法进行了反思,认为这既是该奥运冠军心理训练的特点,也是今后心理训练发展的方向。
This paper is a case report on one year’s mental training of a windsurfing athlete for Rio Olympic Games.Based on Zhang & Zhang’s(2011)psychological construction system,we made a triple goal for QO's mental training program:controlling anxiety before competition,keeping positive and stable emotion during long time competition of 12 days and cultivating positive habits in thinking and behavior for long term self-development.Nine forms of intervention were adopted in this program including detailed coping plan,psychological lectures,museum visit,analysis of competition experiences,calligraphy practice,preparation meeting and summary meeting before and during Rio OG,daily self monitoring and monthly mental tests.The effect of this mental training program were evaluated by athlete self-evaluation,coach comment and institution assessment.Some of those evaluations were in accordance of our prediction while others were totally beyond our expectation.In the last part of this paper,it was pointed out that the combination of skill orientation and spirit orientation in mental training is the feature of Chinese athletes’mental training.
作者
张力为
李美玲
ZHANG Liwei;LI Meiling(College of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《首都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期110-114,133,共6页
Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
关键词
心理训练
自我控制
书法
压力
应对
mental training
self-control
calligraphy practice
stress
coping
