摘要
环境污染是民生之患、民心之痛,节能减排和环境治理是中国必须打好的攻坚战。中国在1998年开始施行的两控区政策缓解了空气污染加重的趋势,但该政策对企业全要素生产率的影响及其作用机制鲜有学者进行考证。本文基于1995年和2004年经济普查数据,利用"无条件分布特征—参数对应"分析方法,系统地考察了两控区环境管制对企业全要素生产率的影响,并定量识别了其主导作用机制。研究发现:(1)两控区内企业生产率增长幅度显著低于非两控区,表明两控区政策通过提升生产成本阻碍了生产率增长;(2)两控区内低效率企业淘汰比例更高,意味着两控区政策淘汰了效率较低的高污染企业,从而提升区内平均生产率水平;(3)与生产成本的提高相比,淘汰机制对生产率的作用相对较小,即两控区政策对生产率增长的阻碍作用占主导地位,但忽略淘汰机制会高估生产成本机制的作用;(4)两控区政策对生产率的作用在高研发密集度与高污染行业、政策执行力较强和经济发展较快的地区更显著,地区集聚经济则有助于缓解该政策的生产率负效应。经过一系列稳健性检验后,本文结论依然成立。
Environmental pollution is the suffering of people’s livelihood and the pain of the people’s feeling.Energy conservation and environmental protection are the tough battles that China must beat on.The Two Control Zone policy that China began to implement in 1998 eased the trend of increased air pollution,but the influence of this policy on the total factor productivity of enterprises and its mechanism of action have rarely been verified by scholars.Based on the1995 and 2004 economic census data,this paper systematically investigates the impact of environmental regulations of Two Control Zone on the total factor productivity of enterprises using the"unconditional distribution characteristics-parameter correspondence"analysis method,and quantitatively identifies its dominant mechanism.We find that:(1)the productivity growth rate of enterprises in the two control zones is significantly lower than that of the non-control areas,indicating that the two control zones policies hinder the productivity growth by increasing production costs;(2)the lowefficiency enterprises in the two control zones are eliminated more frequently,which means that the Two Control Zones policy has eliminated the low-efficiency and high-pollution enterprises,thereby increasing the average productivity level in the region;(3)compared with the increase in production costs,the elimination mechanism has a relatively small effect on productivity,namely,the policy has a dominant role in hindering productivity growth,but ignoring the elimination mechanism will overestimate the role of the production cost mechanism;(4)The effect of the policy on productivity is more pronounced in areas with high R&D intensity,high pollution industries,stronger policy enforcement,and faster economic development.The regional agglomeration economy helps to alleviate the negative productivity effects of the policy.After a series of robustness tests,the conclusions of this paper still hold.
作者
盛丹
张国峰
Sheng Dan;Zhang Guofeng
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期24-42,198,共20页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目"环境管制与中国出口贸易:基于异质性贸易理论的视角"(71673150)
国家自然科学基金青年项目"贸易自由化与制造业企业储蓄率上升之谜"(71803017)和国家自然科学基金面上项目"国际贸易与工资不平等:基于企业内和企业间工资不平等的研究"(71573141)的资助
对外经济贸易大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(17QD02
CXTD9-02)
