摘要
作为当代中国监督制度的顶层设计,国家监察体制改革是因应新时期腐败治理需要,为解决现行监督体系中存在的监督资源分散、监督职能交叉、监督主体权威性不足等问题进行的重大政治改革,具有重要的理论意义与实践价值。从历史演进的维度看,新中国成立以来,我国监察体制发展主要经历了四个阶段:初建与曲折发展阶段、恢复与重建阶段、发展壮大阶段与整合完善阶段。在国家战略层面,国家监察体制改革是保障国家制度体系有序运转、推进国家治理能力与治理体系现代化的重大战略部署;在社会治理层面,国家监察体制改革实现了我国反腐败工作的科学化、系统化与规范化,是推动反腐败斗争向纵深发展的重要举措;在制度建设层面,国家监察体制改革整合了分散的监督资源、实现了对公职人员监督全覆盖,构建起了统一高效权威的国家监察体系。国家监察体制改革实践中,须遵循一定的实践逻辑:首先,国家监察体制改革是长期性、渐进性的政治改革,必须稳妥有序地扎实推进;其次,改革过程中必须以依法治国与依规治党相结合为主线,在概念与制度设计上实现党纪与国法的合理衔接;最后,政治权威是全面深化改革的重要推动力,要充分发挥政治权威的主导作用,保证国家监察体制改革的有效性。为推动国家监察体制改革向纵深发展,学术界提出了一系列有针对性的理论构想与实践策略,包括借鉴中国传统政治智慧,吸取国外制度改革经验;科学设计监察制度,注重应用高科技手段;严格纪检监察干部选拔,增强专业能力培训;提升制度运行透明度,增强对监察权的内外监督等等。综观学界现有研究成果,仍有进一步拓展与完善的空间:在研究内容上,可以拓宽国家监察体制改革研究的问题域,强化相关基础理论问题研究,形成中国特色监察理论学术话语;在研究领域上,应深化国家监察体制改革文化意涵的研究,增强各学科领域研究的均衡性,提升理论的创新性与阐释力;在研究方法上,应以辩证的科学思维取代形而上的研究思维,将定性研究与定量分析相结合,强化对中微观领域具体问题的分析等。
As the top-level design of contemporary supervision system of China, the reform of the national supervision system is a significant political reform to meet the needs of corruption control in the new era. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to solve the problems existing in the current supervision system, such as decentralization of supervision resources, overlapping of supervision functions and insufficient authority of supervision subjects. At the national strategic level, the reform of the national supervisory system is an important strategic plan to promote the modernization of the national governance capacity and governance system. At the social governance level, the reform of the national supervisory system has realized the scientific and systematic anti-corruption work in China, and is an important strategy to promote the further development of the anti-corruption struggle. At the level of system construction, the reform of national supervision system integrates decentralized supervision resources, realizes full coverage of supervision to public officials, and constructs a unified, an efficient and authoritative national supervision system. In the practice of the reform of the state supervision system, we must follow certain practical logic: firstly, the reform of the state supervision system is a long-term political reform, which must be carried out steadily and orderly;secondly, in the process of reform, we must combine the governing the state with law and governing the Party with rule and realize the rational connection between the Party’s discipline and the state law in the design of concepts and systems;lastly, we should give full play to the leading power of political authority and ensure the effectiveness of the reform of the state supervision system. In order to further promote the reform of the national supervision system, the domestic academia has put forward a series of targeted theoretical ideas and practical strategies, including drawing lessons from traditional Chinese political wisdom and from foreign system reform experience, designing the supervision system scientifically, focusing on the application of hightech means, strictly disciplined inspection and supervision cadres selection, enhancing professional ability training, promoting the operation of the system thoroughly and strengthening the internal and external supervision of the power of supervision and so on. Overall, there is still room for further improvement and expansion of the existing research results in academia: in the future, we can enrich and deepen the study on basic theoretical issues and form academic discourse of supervision theory with Chinese characteristics,deepen the study on the cultural significance of the reform of supervision system, enrich and improve the theoretical system of national supervision, and flexibly use quantitative and qualitative research methods to strengthen the moderate practice of the reform of supervision system.
作者
方正
FANG Zheng(School of Marxism, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China)
出处
《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期85-100,共16页
Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(16BKS062)
关键词
国家监察体制
监察权
体制改革
法治
反腐败
state supervisory system
supervisory power
institutional reform
rule of law
anti-corruption
