摘要
共性技术是处于"竞争前"阶段并具有"通用性"的技术,具有广阔的产业应用前景。支持共性技术创新与扩散已成为众多国家创新政策与产业政策的重要内容。然而,与产业技术创新相比,共性技术创新存在诸多特殊障碍。创新政策与产业政策必须据此调整,消除障碍,才能有效促进共性技术发展。本文构建一个基于技术创新链条的分析框架,从共性技术的基本技术特征出发,识别出共性技术创新链条不同环节的关键障碍。这些障碍包括技术识别阶段的技术路线和市场信息"双盲"条件,技术研发阶段创新主体之间的竞合关系,以及技术应用阶段的知识产权归属问题。建议完善跨领域的技术预见参与过程,建立与创新主体竞合关系阶段性变化相适应的共性技术研发合作动态机制,推广有利于共性技术保护与扩散的差别化、低门槛的知识产权制度安排。
Generic technologies are pre-competitive and multi-purpose technologies that can be widely applied to various industries.It is now common practice to support the development and diffusion of generic technologies using national innovation policies and industrial policies.However,there are some specific obstacles inherent in generic technology innovation,distinguishing it from innovation of other industrial technologies.To promote generic technology development,policies must be adjusted to deal with these specific obstacles.This paper builds an analytical framework from the perspective of innovation chain and identifies key obstacles in each stage of the chain.These include the“double-blind” dilemma of technological trajectory and the future market in the stage of technology identification,the coopetition relationship between innovation agents in the stage of technology R&D,and the distribution of intellectual property ownership in the stage of technology application.To deal with these obstacles,it is suggested to enhance cross-field technology foresight,to build adynamic collaborative mechanism that fits the changing coopetition relationship between innovation agents,and to establish differentiated but low-barrier intellectual property arrangements to facilitate technology protection and diffusion.
作者
江鸿
石云鸣
JIANG Hong;SHI Yunming(Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100836;Beijing Administration Institute,Beijing 100037)
出处
《经济与管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期74-84,共11页
Research on Economics and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"技术集成能力对复杂装备性能的影响研究"(16BGL040)
关键词
共性技术
创新
关键障碍
知识产权
竞合关系
generic technology
innovation
key obstacle
intellectual property
coopetition
