摘要
近年来,在家族企业研究领域,长期导向受到越来越多的关注,但在现有文献中学者们尚未就一些根本性的问题达成一致认识。本文首先厘清了长期导向研究的缘起,并结合家族企业研究领域中的认知现状,对其内涵维度和测量方法进行了梳理,继而对家族企业中长期导向的形成机制做了分析,在此基础上系统梳理了家族企业的长期导向对其创业活动影响的研究进展。最后提出了未来家族企业长期导向研究值得关注的五个方向:引入“主观时间”重新诠释长期导向;开发有效的长期导向量表;研究家族企业长期导向的微观基础;对家族企业的长期导向进行跨层次研究;从意愿和能力视角探究影响家族企业长期导向的情境因素。
Time is critical for family business who wants to achieve long-term development.In recent years,long-term orientation has received more and more attention in the field of family business research.However,scholars have not reached an agreement on some fundamental problems in existing literatures such as unclear definition,erratic measurement,and week theoretical foundation.Given the importance of long-term orientation to family business,it is necessary to clarify three key questions at the theoretical level.First,what is long-term orientation?Second,why do family businesses have a higher level of long-term orientation than non-family businesses?Third,how does long-term orientation affect the behavior of family businesses?In response to the above questions,this paper systematically reviews 32 articles published in mainstream academic journals such as Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,and Family Business Review,and summarizes a research framework which basically covers all relevant topics of long-term orientation in family business research,attempting to provide new ideas and inspiration for future research of this topic.This paper firstly clarifies the origin of long-term orientation research and reviews its definition,dimension and measurement in the field of family business.In terms of definition,long-term orientation was initially considered as a kind of national culture,reflected in the individual level is a value that people think highly of future and it will affect people s decisions and behaviors.This culture or value also exists at the organizational level that firms pursue long-term benefits and development.Scholars introduce long-term orientation into family business research and define it from different perspectives.This paper summarizes three perspectives through reviewing relevant literatures,culture perspective,investment perspective and tendency perspective,respectively.These three perspectives are not contradictory,but harmonious and unified.In terms of dimensions,most scholars default that long-term orientation is a one-dimensional construct,and some scholars believe that long-term orientation is a multi-dimensional construct.In terms of measurement,there are mainly two methods,second-hand data and questionnaire survey respectively,but most of them use proxy variables,which cannot fully reflect the connotation of long-term orientation,and the validity of these measurements has yet to be tested.Secondly,scholars generally believe that family businesses have a higher level of long-term orientation than non-family businesses,mainly for two reasons.One is the pursuit of non-economic goals such as long-term tenure,intergenerational inheritance and family reputation,promoting family members to value future and be willing to make long-term decisions.The other is the rights of family.Specifically,family management gives family members the power to pursue family goals.Family ownership provides legitimacy for family to implement long-term decision-making.However,the existing research only pays attention to the impact of these two aspects on the long-term orientation of the family business,and does not consider whether the family business has the ability to implement long-term decision-making.Thirdly,this paper systematically reviews the impact of long-term orientation on the behavior of family business,especially entrepreneurial activities.According to the existing literatures,there are three impacts,negative impacts,positive impacts and contingent impacts,respectively.However,the existing research is not enough to explain the inconsistency of the direction and degree.The mechanism and situational factors still need further exploration.Based on the significance of long-term orientation to the sustainability of family businesses and the limitations of existing studies,this paper calls for the promotion of the research on the long-term orientation of family business,focusing on the following five aspects.(1)introducing“subjective time”to reinterpret long-term orientation,(2)developing effective scale of long-term orientation,(3)doing research on the microfoundations of long-term orientation of family business,(4)doing multilevel analysis on long-term orientation,(5)exploring the situational factors that influence the long-term orientation of family business from the perspective of willingness and ability.
作者
窦军生
吴赛赛
DOU Jun-sheng;WU Sai-sai(School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310000,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期194-208,共15页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“家族参与对组织二元性及其价值效应的影响机制研究:基于社会情感财富视角”(71672173)
关键词
长期导向
家族企业
家族参与
long-term orientation
family business
family involvement
