摘要
春秋时期“卿”非“上大夫”,“卿”“大夫”是“爵”称而非“官”名。具体而言,在春秋前中期,时人话语中的“官”指具体职事,而不涉社会等级秩序。由于血缘组织及其宗法伦理依旧是春秋政治社会的主流,贵族爵位高低不仅直接决定其权力、官职大小,还直接决其采邑的多寡、规模及其社会待遇;官职大小则是卿大夫巩固、延续其家族势力的有力保障,遂使“官”“爵”之间呈现出合一的征象。但到春秋晚期,作为等级秩次的“爵”称也带上职事性的社会特征,如秦国的“右大夫”,晋国的公族大夫,尤其是魏献子所命十个县大夫,实际已与战国秦汉时期“流官”性质相近,然而又带有封建制的历史遗痕。
During the Spring and Autumn period,"Qing"(a minister or a high official in Zhou Dynasty) was not equaled to the "Shang Da-fu"(the official title in the pre-Qin period)."Qing" and "Da-fu"(a senior official in Zhou Dynasty) are the names of "peerage" rather than the official names.Specifically,in the mid-Spring and Autumn period,"Guan" in the discourse of people refers to specific duties,but not to social hierarchy.As the consanguineous organization and its patriarchal ethics are still the mainstream of the political society in the Spring and Autumn period,the status of aristocratic title not only directly determines an aristocracy's power and official size,but also the quantity and the size of an aristocracy's fief even his social treatment.The size of the official position is the strong guarantee of Qing Da-fu's consolidation and continuation of his family's power.Then there is a sign of unity between "Guan" and "peerage".But by the late Spring and Autumn period,the "peerage",as a rank,also has the social characteristics of duty.For example,the "You Da-fu" of Qin State (An officer of the army which was set up in the Qin State of Spring and Autumn period.),"Gong zu dai fu" of Jin State(It refers to a kind of public office that in charge of the royal clan and Qing Da-fu's children.),especially the ten counties' Da-fu appointed by Wei Xianzi are in fact similar in nature to those of "Liu Guan"("Liu Guan" refers to an official appointed by the central government rather than a hereditary position can be inherited from generation to generation in a family.) in the warring States period,Qin and Han dynasties,however,it also has the historical traces of feudal system.
作者
惠翔宇
XI Xiangyu(School of Marxism,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610059,China)
出处
《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2019年第2期9-15,共7页
Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“春秋伦理观念变迁与社会秩序建构研究”(18YJC770010)
关键词
卿
大夫
爵制
春秋
Qing
Da-fu
the system of aristocratic titles
Spring and Autumn period
