摘要
本文首先依据行业间耗能差异,利用动态聚类将我国制造业30个行业划分为高、中、低三类能耗。以2003-2013年面板数据为研究样本,其运用非参数数据包络分析DEA-Malmquist生产率指数分解法,实证测算制造业及其三类能耗行业全要素生产率、能源效率的技术进步、技术效率分解指数,并深入分析其相关影响关系。结果显示:技术进步对于制造业全要素生产率的负贡献远远超过技术效率的正贡献,制造业全要素生产率出现显著的负增长;技术进步和技术效率均会提升制造业能源效率,但相对来讲技术进步的贡献显著大于技术效率,且两者在不同能耗行业中的效果差异明显。技术进步在高耗能和中耗能行业中发挥的作用更大,而在低耗能行业中,技术效率则是能源效率改善的关键。
The benign development of manufacturing industry is an important, substantial warranty for improving industrialization, accelerating the urbanization and promoting the comprehensive construction of well-off society. From the mid-1990s, the influence of related industries and the modification of energy structure on energy efficiency has been weakening, which even had a negative impact to some extent. Nowadays, the economy of the society has entered into a phase of rapid development, and technical progress has been a critical factor for energy efficiency. Therefore, it is worthy to intensively discuss the impact of the in-depth analysis of technological progress on energy efficiency, improving energy efficiency in manufacturing industry with the effective usage of progressive technical means, the in-depth understanding of the influence of technological progress on the energy consumption for different energy industries as well as its dynamic variation and the maximum reduction in energy intensity for improving the current situation of energy consumption. The entire manufacturing industry in our country was divided into high, middle and low energy-consuming industries by means of cluster analysis according to the difference in the energy consumption of different industries. Malmquist index method was used to decompose manufacturing technological progress into technological progress change index and technological efficiency change index based on the manufacturing panel data from 2003 to 2013. It is also necessary to analyze the physical effects of technological progress change index and technological efficiency change index on manufacturing total factor productivity. The results showed that the effect of technological progress on the industries of technological progress change index and technological efficiency change index has a much more negative effect on technological progress than the positive contribution to technological efficiency, which caused a significant negative growth on manufacturing total factor productivity. Furthermore, the growth of energy efficiency can be promoted by the improvement of technological progress and technological efficiency. However, the contribution to the technical progress is far more than that to the technical efficiency and the results among these three kinds of industries are diverse. In other words, technological progress plays a foremost role in high energy-consuming and middle energy-consuming industries, while technological efficiency is the key to energy efficiency improvement in the low energy-consuming industry. In summary, the contribution of technological progress is the main factor in the decline of manufacturing total factor productivity, which indicates that the hard-core technological progress is the key to influence the manufacturing total factor productivity. It is also necessary to strengthen the innovation, introduction, and absorption of manufacturing technology in the future. Meanwhile, we should focus on soft technological progress such as manufacturing management and system innovation. For high energy-consuming industry, technological progress is far more important than technological efficiency, and it has become the main factor to improve energy efficiency. Hence, we should improve technological innovation, strengthen the mechanism and system innovation and unearth the energy-saving potential of soft technology. Additionally, high energy-consuming industry should increase the intensive energy usage of mode effects and expand the advantageous part appropriately under the current level. However, for the low energy-consuming industry, we should also improve technological progress and strengthen the technological innovation within the industry. Moreover, we should limit the expansion of a few small businesses in which the capital is relatively weak, and the equipment is inferior. Finally, the government should increase R&D funds, encourage enterprises to promote the level of science and technology innovation,take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.
作者
卢锐
陆芸
陈郁炜
赵佳宝
LU Rui;LU Yun;CHEN Yu-wei;ZHAO Jia-bao(School of Economics and Management,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;School of Economics and Management,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;School of Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210008,China)
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期9-16,共8页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(70973088)
