摘要
当前我国惩治水污染犯罪的司法解释规则设计存在偏差,主要表现在仅把水污染物排放标准、排放数量当做衡量水质是否被严重污染的标准,解释规则的设计未遵循不同环境要素的专门性评价原则,未贯彻生态法益独立性诉求,导致法益侵害关系逻辑混乱。水环境法益的基础性地位为观察这一问题并分析可能的解决方案提供了一个视角。解释规则的设计必须围绕水环境法益展开,重点突出对水环境本身的保护,而非行为手段;注重与《水污染防治法》中体现充分保护水环境的行政性前置规则相协调,贯彻水资源优位保护原则,使规则朝着有利于保护水质的方向发展。我国水污染环境犯罪司法解释规则矫正路径应从以下几方面着手,即建立以水染物排放标准与重点水污染物排放总量控制指标为水质基准,区分污染水、土壤、空气等不同环境因子的裁判规则,把人身伤亡作为水污染犯罪的加重犯罪构成,将是否危及动、植物等非人类主体健康作为判断水污染犯罪的标准之一等。
The current judicial interpretation rules for punishing the crime of water pollution in China show design bias, which is mainly manifested in the fact that only the discharge standard of water pollutants and the discharge quantity are used as the standard to measure whether the water quality is seriously polluted or not,the design of the interpretation rules does not follow specialized evaluation principles in light of different environmental elements, and the failure to implement the independence of ecological legal interests leads to the logical confusion regarding the infringement of legal interest.The fundamental role of water environment legal benefit provides another perspective to observe this problem and find possible solutions. The design of the interpretation rules must center around the water environment law, focusing on the protection of the water environment itself, rather than the means of conduct;emphasizing on the coordination with the administrative pre-rules in the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law that fully protect the water environment, and implementing the principle of priority protection of water resources so that the rules will develop in a direction that is conducive to the protection of water quality. At present, the path for the correction of judicial interpretation rules of environmental crimes in water pollution in China should start from the following aspects: establishing water quality benchmarks for water pollutants discharge standards and total dischargecontrol indicators for key water pollutant, distinguishing evaluation rules for different environmental elements such as polluted water, soil and air, taking personal injury and death as the aggravated crime of Water pollution Crime, taking endangering the health of non-human subjects such as animals, plants, etc. as one of the criteria for judging water pollution crimes.
作者
臧金磊
ZANG Jin-lei(Law School, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Chongqing 401120, China)
出处
《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2019年第4期151-161,共11页
Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
2018年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“部门法衔接视阈下我国水生态刑法问题研究”(CYB18149)的阶段性成果之一
关键词
水污染
环境犯罪
司法解释
水环境法益
water pollution
environmental crime
judicial interpretation
water environment legal benefit
