摘要
【目的】建立西洋梨果实品质的评价方法,探求西洋梨品质评价的主要影响因子,确定代表性品质指标,为筛选优良品种提供一定的科学依据。【方法】以山东省烟台市农业科学研究院西洋梨种植圃27份西洋梨品种为试材,测定了8项果实品质指标,应用隶属函数法对各项指标进行转化,采用SPSS分析软件进行主成分分析和聚类分析,以前3个主成分作二维散点图分析,根据前3个主成分得分及相应权重之积累加和计算综合得分。【结果】转化后的数据经分析,累计方差贡献率为82.054%;二维排序图揭示了不同西洋梨品种前3个因子的分布情况,可为西洋梨品种选优提供参照;采用系统聚类分析,将27份西洋梨品种在遗传距离19时分为4个大类,27个西洋梨品种综合评价结果为‘好本号’‘康弗伦斯’‘盘克汉姆’‘阿巴特’综合品质性状较优。【结论】主成分分析结合聚类分析评价西洋梨果实品质结果可靠,可为生产利用提供一定的理论参考。
【Objective】Pyrus communis L.is native to southern Europe and Asia and constitutes the vast majority of pear production in U.S.and European countries.As the pear fruit develop on the tree,they increase in size and accumulate starch.The fruit of most Pyrus communis L.cultivars do not ripen and are not in good quality for fresh eating at harvest and need special treatment for ripening properly.Fruit quality of Pyrus communis L.was divided into appearance quality and inner quality with different contribution on fruit quality evaluation.The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for fruit quality of Pyrus communis L.and to classify the relationship among the indices and to simplify the fruit quality evaluation factors.A reasonable evaluation of fruit quality is important for breeding and selection.This study could also provide a theoretical basis for construction of better quality and highly efficient orchard management.【Methods】The principal component analysis was a multivariate statistical method,which not only retained most of the information,but also had strong representative,to increase the credibility of the analysis.The principal components were independent of each other,avoiding the repetition of information.Cluster analysis was to find out some specific statistics that could measure the similarity between samples or indicators and divide some similarity degree according to these statistics under the premise of no reduction of information.The experimental materials were taken from the fruit tree resources nursery of Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Single fruit mass,flesh firmness,fruit shape index,total soluble solid,soluble sugar content,titratable acidity,soluble sugar content/titratable and total soluble solid/titratable acidity of fruit quality were measured.SPSS and Excel were used for the statistic analysis.Principal component analyses were performed with SPSS software,and the typical indices were identified.The variance contribution rate of the first n factors extracted was taken as the weight,which the eigenvalue was greater than 1.The comprehensive score of each sample was summed to obtain by the factor score and the corresponding weight.The 27 cultivars(Pyrus communis L.)were ranked according to the comprehensive scores.Furthermore,the characters of fruit were further analyzed using systematic cluster analysis.【Results】The result showed that the variation degrees of the main fruit characters of the 27 Pyrus communis L.varieties were different.The variation coefficient of single fruit mass was the largest,while the coefficient variation of soluble sugar content was the least.Related traits were classified and simplified.As a result,three factors(eigenvalue>1)were extracted from the converted data matrix,and the cumulative contribution approximated to 82.054%.The first principal component contribution rate was 46.528%,including titratable acidity,total soluble solids/titratable acidity and soluble sugar content/titratable acidity.The second principal component contribution rate was 21.189%,including single fruit mass,flesh firmness.The third principal component was total soluble solids,soluble sugar content and fruit index,with variance contribution approached to 14.337%.The two-dimension scatter plots were analyzed according to the former three principal components,which showed the distribution of fruit quality.The top three synthetical score of the 27 cultivars based on the first factor were Alexandrine Douillard,Conference and Trapezica;the top three score of 27 cultivars based on the second factor was Packham's Triump,Eldorado and Red Clapp Favorite;and the top three score of 27 cultivars based on the third factor was Abate Fetel,Hardy and Madeleine.The rotated component matrix was obtained with‘Quartimax’method.The synthetical scores were calculated through the former three principal component contribution proportions.The synthetical score was accumulated sum of the factors’score of each sample and the weight value of each factor.According to principal component analysis we got the comprehensive scores of each cultivar,the higher the score value the better the comprehensive character of fruit quality.The comprehensive quality of Alexandrine Douillard performed best in this study,while the quality performance of Yubileen Dar and Hardy ranked the last.The result of cluster analysis indicated that the 27 cultivars were divided into four groups in the cluster analysis at a Eudlidean distance of 19.According to the cluster analysis class II and class III were the best on fruit quality,class II included Alexandrine Douillard,Conference,Zaojinxiang and Abate Fetel with higher soluble sugar content/titratable acidity,while class III included Packham's Triump and Eldorado with bigger fruit weight.Class IV was Yubileen Dar,Radana and Hardy with higher titratable acidity.Red ClappFavorite,Star,Bartlett,ClappFavorite,DocteurJules-Guyot,Bartlett-MaxRed,Boliarska,Trapezica,Lecounte,unknown,Spalding,Chispe,RedAnjou,Maria,Bosc,Madeleine,Bunte Julibirne,Beurre Giffard were ranked class I.【Conclusion】Through cluster analysis,all varieties were classified more intuitively by the differences of fruit quality,so as to screen out the varieties with good fruit quality.Principal component analysis combined with cluster analysis evaluation was validated reliable,which could offer references for production.However,the level of a certain index value could not completely determine the comprehensive quality of varieties.For example,fruit color,fruit rust and other external indicators were also important factors affecting the quality of Pyrus communis L.Only by further evaluation of other agronomic characters on the basis of quality evaluation can we evaluate and screen the excellent varieties comprehensively with strong regional adaptability and appropriate for popularization.
作者
牟红梅
于强
李庆余
王义菊
姜福东
李元军
薛敏
王兆龙
MU Hongmei;YU Qiang;LI Qingyu;WANG Yiju;JIANG Fudong;LI Yuanjun;XUE Min;WANG Zhaolong(Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shandong Province,Yantai 265500,Shandong,China;College of Life Science of Yantai University,Yantai 264005,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第8期1084-1092,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国家现代梨产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29-32）
关键词
西洋梨
果实品质
因子分析
聚类分析
综合评价
Pyrus communisL.
Fruit quality
Factor analysis
Cluster analysis
Comprehensive evaluation
