摘要
为改进和完善我国男子标枪运动员投掷技术,并缩小与世界优秀运动员的差距,运用文献资料法、访谈法、录像分析法、数理统计法及对比分析法,对2018年全国田径锦标赛男子标枪前8名运动员最后用力阶段投掷技术进行分析。通过定量与定性分析最后用力阶段关键技术指标,采用单一样本T检验对比分析国内外优秀男子标枪运动员技术差异,进一步讨论我国男子标枪运动员技术的合理性与不足。结论:出手速度是影响掷标枪投掷远度最重要的出手参数,最后用力阶段标枪加速效果及身体制动效果对出手速度影响较大。2018年全国田径锦标赛男子标枪前8名运动员出手速度与投掷成绩呈显著正相关关系,但与世界水平相比差距较大,出手速度较慢是我国男子标枪成绩落后的一个重要原因;我国优秀男子标枪运动员最后用力阶段制动腿着地时躯干后倾角对投掷成绩影响较大,与世界水平相比差异不大,但肩髋扭转角及投掷臂肘关节角度与国外优秀运动员相比均有较大差异;我国优秀男子标枪运动员整体上存在上肢提前发力的现象,不利于动量的有效传递,且不同水平运动员之间各环节用力状态及发力时机有较大差异,成绩好者各环节之间动量传递更合理有效;我国优秀男子标枪运动员最后用力阶段制动腿制动效果不理想,屈膝缓冲较大,且屈膝缓冲后的积极蹬伸不充分,减弱了最后用力效果。
In order to improve and perfect the throwing technique of Chinese male javelin throwers and narrow the gap with the world elite athletes, this paper analyzes the throwing technique of the top 8 male javelin throwers in the final exertion stage of 2018 National Track and Field Championship with the methods of literature review, interview, video analysis, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis.Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the key technical indicators in the final exertion stage, a single sample t-test was used to compare and analyze the technical differences of elite male javelin throwers at home and abroad, and to further discuss the rationality and shortcomings of the technology of male javelin throwers in China. It is concluded that the release velocity is the most important parameter that affects the throwing performance, the acceleration effect of javelin and the braking effect of body have great influence on the release velocity at finally forcibly phase. There is a significant positive correlation between release velocity and performance of Chinese elite men javelin throwers. There are significant differences in release velocity between domestic and foreign elite male javelin throwers,which is an important reason for the poor performance of men’s javelin in China. There is a significant positive correlation between angle of trunk inclination and performance of Chinese elite men javelin throwers. Compared with foreign elite athletes,there is no significant difference in the angle of trunk inclination,but there are significant differences in the hip-shoulder separation and angle of right elbow. Chinese elite men javelin throwers exert their upper limbs earlier,which is not conducive to momentum transfer. There is a great difference in the sequence of putting force among Chinese elite men javelin throwers. It is more reasonable and effective for athletes with good performance to transfer momentum between each link. The braking effect of the left leg of the elite men’s javelin throwers at finally forcibly phase is not satisfactory,the knee flexion is large,and the active extension after the knee flexion is insufficient,which weakens the final exertion effect.
作者
张晓东
曲淑华
ZHANG Xiao-dong;QU Shu-hua(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《山东体育学院学报》
北大核心
2019年第5期96-102,共7页
Journal of Shandong Sport University
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(立项编号:2018XS029)
