摘要
林地是河北省张家口市崇礼区最主要的生态系统类型,其优劣决定着2022年冬奥会崇礼赛区区域景观结构和格局均衡与否,进而影响当地的生态环境。该研究利用ArcGIS和Fragstats软件,对比景观指数随粒度变化效应,确定最佳分析粒度,并对崇礼区林地景观结构特征和景观格局进行研究。结果表明:景观面积指数、最大斑块占景观面积比例指数、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数和分离度指数具有明显的粒度效应,林地景观格局的最佳分析粒度为30 m。1)崇礼区乔木林地景观百分比最大(44.14%),辅林地最小(0.11%),不同林地类型景观面积百分比大小排序为乔木林地>荒山地>特灌林地>未成林地>未封林地>沙荒地>疏林地>无立木林地>辅林地。2)斑块数量、斑块密度、边缘密度、景观形状指数均为乔木林地最大,周长-面积分维数辅林地最大(1.55)。3)乔木林地的分布最为集中,分离度指数最小,为397.49;沙荒地的连通性最弱,聚合度指数最大,为88.99%;蔓延度指数为64.66%,表明多种斑块类型呈密集分布格局。4)林地景观香农多样性指数为1.17,香农均匀度指数为0.53。崇礼区林地各景观类型破碎化严重,异质性、分布均匀程度和连接度均较低,景观多样性水平整体较低。
Forest land was the main ecosystem type in Chongli district of Zhangjiakou city,Hebei province.Its quality determines whether the regional landscape structure and pattern of Chongli competition area of 2022 Winter Olympic Games were balanced or not,thus affecting the local ecological environment.In this paper,ArcGIS and Fragstats software were used to study the characteristics of forest land landscape structure and landscape pattern in Chongli district by comparing the effect of landscape index with grain size and determining the optimal analysis grain size.The results showed that,1)The largest forest land landscape type in chongli district was arbor forest land(44.14%),and the minimum was forest auxiliary production land(0.11%).The landscape area percentage size of different forest land types was ranked as:arbor forest land>barren mountain land>special shrubs forest land>afforest land>afforest closed forest land>sandy waste land>open forest land>unstocked land>forest auxiliary production land.2)The number of patches,patch density,edge density and landscape shape index were all the largest in the landscape of arbor forest land,and forest auxiliary production land was the most unstable,which perimeter area fractal dimension index was 1.55.3)Arbor forest was the most concentrated forest land in distribution,and the separation degree index was the lowest(397.49).The connectivity of sandy waste land was the weakest,while the degree of aggregation index was the largest(88.99%),and the index of spreading degree was 64.66%,indicating that a variety of patch presented a distribution pattern.4)The Shannon’s diversity index of forest land landscape in Chongli district was 1.17,and the Shannon′s evenness index was 0.53.The forest land landscape fragmentation degree was serious in Chongli district,landscape heterogeneity and the distribution degree of all landscape elements was low with low connectivity.Moreover,the overall level of landscape diversity was simple.
作者
钟良子
袁胜亮
马俊杰
温亚飞
杨新兵
ZHONG Liangzi;YUAN Shengliang;MA Junjie;WEN Yafei;YANG Xinbing(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000;Graduate School,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000)
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第22期105-113,共9页
Northern Horticulture
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2015ZX07203-005-02)
关键词
崇礼区
林地
粒度
景观结构
景观格局
景观多样性
Chongli district
forest land
grain size
landscape structure
landscape pattern
landscape diversity pattern
