摘要
带状疱疹由水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染的再激活引起,以沿躯体单侧呈节段分布的簇集性红斑、水疱为特征,多伴有疼痛。在发疹后早期系统使用抗病毒药物、糖皮质激素、镇痛药物,局部外用药物,可减轻炎症、促使皮疹消退,并降低并发症的发生率。其中,抗病毒药物的机制和应用各有不同,常用的有核苷类药物如阿昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦等,膦甲酸钠静脉滴注兼具抗病毒及调节免疫双向作用。对不同年龄、身体状况的患者,治疗方案不尽相同,糖皮质激素多用于有并发症的较重患者;镇痛药物使用前需要先通过量表评估疼痛程度,据此由弱至强使用非甾体抗炎药、阿片类药物等;局部可外用抗病毒制剂和镇痛药物,急性渗出时以湿敷收敛为主。本文主要对早期带状疱疹的药物治疗进展予以综述。
Herpes zoster is caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus infection.It is characterized by clustered erythema and blisters lined up along the unilateral side of body,often accompanied by pain.Early application of antiviral drugs,glucocorticoids,analgesics,and topical treatment after the onset of rash can reduce inflammation,promote diminution of rash,and reduce the incidence of complications.The mechanisms and application of antiviral drug are different.Nucleoside drugs such as acyclovir and valaciclovir have been mostly used.Intravenous administration of foscarnet sodium has a two-way effect,combing anti-virus effect with immune regulation.For patients of different ages and physical conditions,the treatment are different.Glucocorticoids are often used in patients with severe complications.For treatment of acute analgesia,pain should be assessed by the scale firstly,then different drugs are used according to the result of painassessment from weak to strong.Local antiviral agents and analgesic drugs can be used externally,and wet compress convergence is the main method in acute exudation.This article mainly reviews the progress of drug treatment of early herpes zoster.
作者
魏敏
闫言
WEI Min;YAN Yan(Department of Dermatology,Plastic Surgery Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100144,China)
出处
《临床药物治疗杂志》
2019年第11期33-37,共5页
Clinical Medication Journal
基金
中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院院所重大基金(Z2017004)
关键词
带状疱疹
治疗
抗病毒
糖皮质激素
镇痛
herpes zoster
treatment
antiviral
glucocorticoid
analgesia
