摘要
为了挖掘和开发荒漠草原野生优良牧草蒙古冰草种质资源,通过修复退化的草地生态系统来提高草地的生态价值和经济价值,对蒙古冰草繁种技术的种子发芽特性、种植密度、灌溉制度、施肥技术等相关方面进行了研究。结果表明:野生蒙古冰草种子发芽呈现“两低两高”特性;蒙古冰草繁种灌溉制度为全年灌溉两次,每次灌水量为900 m3/hm2,灌水期为拔节期和抽穗期,此灌溉制度下水资源利用率最高,水产量为1.18 kg/m3,水产生效益为47.22元/m3;最优播种密度组合行距为30 cm、播种量为15 kg/hm2,灌溉量为2700 m3/hm2的前提下,不施肥种子产量1957.3 kg/hm2,施肥种子产量2194.9 kg/hm2,施肥产投比5.1∶1,施肥是提高种子产量、品质和经济效益的主要途径。在施基肥基础上对施不同量级氮肥进行研究,结果为:最高种子产量施纯氮量(Pmax)为111.74 kg/hm2,种子产量2556.38 kg/hm2;最佳经济施纯氮量(Popt)为109.49 kg/hm2,种子产量2556.25 kg/hm2;施纯氮量上、下限及对应种子产量分别为109.10、2.48 kg/hm2和2556.20、2265.07 kg/hm2。通过试验研究对蒙古冰草繁种技术进行了集成,使优良的野生蒙古冰草不但能够进行人工繁种,而且效益显著,同时也使荒漠草原退化草地生态系统修复的优质种源得到保障。
In order to dig and develop germplasm resources of wild and fine Mongolia Wheatgrass in desert grassland,the seed germination characteristics,the restoration for degraded grassland ecosystem was carried out to improve the grassland's environmental and economic values.In addition,the plating density,irrigation system and fertilization technique of the seed reproduction techniques of Mongolia wheatgrass were studied.The results indicated that the wild Mongolia wheatgrass seed germination presented the character of"Two low and two high".Twice irrigations were conducted for seed reproduction of Mongolia wheatgrass with the irrigation amount of 900 m3/hm2 each time.The irrigation period was at the stages of jointing and heading.The water resources utilization rate was the highest with this irrigation system.The water output was 1.18 kg/m3,and the benefit of water production was 47.22 yuan/m3.With the optimal seedling density spacing of 30 cm,the seeding rate of 15 kg/hm2 and the irrigation amount of 2700 m3/hm2,the yield of seeds without fertilizer treatments was 1957.3 kg/hm2,while the seed yield using fertilizers was 2194.9 kg/hm2.The rate of fertilizer to the yield is 5.1∶1,indicating that fertilization is the main way to increase the seed yield,quality and economic benefits.Additionally,the application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers was studied.The results showed that the amount of the pure nitrogen(Pmax)was 111.74 kg/hm2 for the maximum seed yield of 2556.38 kg/hm2;The application of nitrogen was at the economic optimal rate(Popt)was 109.49 kg/hm2 and the seed yield was 2556.25 kg/hm2.The nitrogen application upper and lower limits and the corresponding seed yields were 109.10 and 2.48 kg/hm2,2556.20 and 2265.07 kg/hm2,respectively.The experimental study was conducted to integrate the seed reproduction techniques of Mongolia wheatgrass,which not only made the artificial propagation of wild and excellent Mongolia wheatgrass available with remarkable benefits,but also could guarantee the high-quality provenances for degraded desert grassland ecosystem restoration.
作者
彭文栋
马锋茂
刘定鑫
王占军
Peng Wendong(Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Yanchi,Ningxia 751500)
出处
《宁夏农林科技》
2019年第10期40-44,共5页
Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology
基金
宁夏回族自治区一二三产业融合发展科技创新示范项目“宁夏草地资源评价及管理技术研究与示范”（YES-16-10-1002）
关键词
蒙古冰草
繁种
发芽特性
种植密度
灌溉制度
施氮量
产量
Mongolia wheatgrass
Seed reproduction
Germination characteristics
Planting density
Irrigation system
Nitrogen application amount
Yield
