摘要
为深入了解乡村聚落侵蚀环境及其水土流失现状,为下一步研究奠定基础,在分析乡村聚落侵蚀环境变化的基础上,探讨了乡村聚落水土流失的成因与特征。乡村聚落是人类生存和农业生产的主要场所,人为因素对侵蚀环境影响大,水土流失严重。随着社会经济发展,乡村聚落功能由单一的居住-农业生产型,逐渐演变为居住、农业生产、旅游休憩、生态保育等多维一体的复合环境。人为因素对乡村聚落侵蚀环境及水土流失的干扰越来越大,水土流失成因及类型呈多样化特征,特别是乡村居民地建设中产生的弃土、开挖面及乡村未硬化道路等土地类型,水土保持能力差,是土壤侵蚀严重的根本原因。因此,急需加强乡村聚落土地类型的水土流失机理与防治技术研究,为新时代乡村振兴与美丽中国建设提供科技支撑。
[Background]Rural settlements are the main places for residents to live and engage in agricultural production,meanwhile it is the important component of the natural environment.The landscape of rural settlement is generally formed by natural elements and human activities.In recent years,along with enhancement of people’s awareness on ecological and environmental problems,soil and water loss in rural settlements has raised attention to human in China.The environment of rural settlement is generally formed by natural elements and human labor.[Methods]Through reviewing literatures published in the past and recent years,this study discussed the changes of erosion environment in rural settlements and analyzing the characteristics of soil and water loss.[Results]Soil erosion environment refers to the special landscape and ecosystem formed by soil erosion and,in turn,those landscapes will affect soil erosion.In rural settlements,soil erosion environment includes natural environments(i.e.,landforms,water systems,soils,vegetation and others)and human environments(i.e.,rural unpaved road,compounds,footpaths,places and others uncovered places).It can be seen that the erosion environment in rural settlements is not only affected by certain natural factors such as water source,slope and rainfall,but also greatly influenced by human factors such as building houses,road construction within villages,farming activities,and so on.All those factors may lead to heavy soil loss in rural settlements.At present,with the development of rural economy,the function of rural settlements has gradually evolved from the original inhabitation-agricultural production type into the multi-dimensional types:Residence,agricultural production,tourism rest and ecological conservation.At the same time,the impact of human factors on the erosion environment in rural settlements became more and more great and hence accelerates soil and water loss.The change of rural function is a direct cause of environmental change and soil erosion increase in rural settlements.Compared to previous conditions,erosion environment in rural settlements is becoming complex and heterogeneous in human disturbance.Finally,these characteristics of erosion environment would cause that the types and amount of soil and water loss are various.[Conclusions]The change of erosion environment and soil and water loss in rural settlements cannot be ignored.However,the research on that is still in the exploratory stage at present,and their characteristics and mechanism are not very clear.Therefore,in order to promote soil and water conservation and ecological environment management in rural settlements,it is urgent to strengthen the research on soil erosion mechanism and prevention technology of different land types in rural settlements.This result will provide a theoretical basis and scientific support for the rural revitalization and the construction of beautiful China in the new era.
作者
赵龙山
樊春华
李开凤
ZHAO Longshan;FAN Chunhua;LI Kaifeng(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,550025,Guiyang,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期140-147,共8页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“喀斯特地区裸露基岩—土壤复合地表条件的土壤侵蚀研究”(41867014)
贵州省科技计划项目“喀斯特山区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀特征研究”(黔科合基础[2016]1027)
贵州省科技计划项目“喀斯特山区乡村聚落水土流失及石漠化防治技术研究与示范”(黔科合[2016]支撑2835号)
贵州省优秀青年科技人才项目“喀斯特坡地土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究”(黔科合平台人才[2019]5671)
关键词
水土流失
乡村聚落
道路侵蚀
人为侵蚀
soil and water loss
rural settlement
road erosion
erosion by human activities
