摘要
大多数可栽培的食用菌是属于担子菌的大型真菌,具有复杂的交配型系统,通常涉及到两类交配型基因,即编码同源域转录因子的A交配型基因以及编码脂肽信息素和信息素受体的B交配型基因。对担子菌交配型系统的研究已经有上百年的历史,近年来随着高通量测序技术的发展,很多常见食用菌的基因组获得测序,使得我们对不同类型交配型位点的分子遗传学结构能够进行更加细致的解析。本文在概述了担子菌有性生殖系统和交配型基因分子特点的基础上,对常见食用菌中的香菇、金针菇、灵芝、糙皮侧耳、刺芹侧耳、白灵侧耳、裂褶菌、双孢蘑菇、草菇和虎皮香菇以及模式生物灰盖鬼伞等物种的交配型位点的结构进行了总结和分析。从已有的研究结果来看,常见食用菌的交配型位点的分子遗传学结构存在多样性,不同物种的交配型位点具有不同的结构特点。从物种内不同菌株之间的交配型结构比较来看,交配型基因的位置和数量也具有丰富的多样性。在分子遗传学层面对常见食用菌交配型位点结构的认识将有助于深入阐明交配型基因对子实体发育的调控以及解决食用菌生产实际中的科学问题,但是目前对食用菌交配型位点和基因的研究仍旧存在很多空白,有待于进一步深入和拓展。
Most of the cultivated macrofungi belong to basidiomycetes and have complex mating systems usually involving two types of mating genes, A mating genes encoding two types of homeodomain transcription factors and B mating genes encoding lipopeptide pheromones and pheromone receptors. The mating system has been studied for hundred years. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, many cultivated mushrooms have completed the sequencing of the whole genome, so that we can make a more detailed analysis of the molecular genetics of different mating type systems. This paper generally introduces the sexual reproductive system and the molecular characteristics of mating genes of basidiomycetes, and summarized and analyzed the molecular genetic structure of mating type loci of some cultivated mushrooms including Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. tuoliensis, Schizophyllum commune, Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Coprinopsis cinerea and Lentinus tigrinus. It is found that the molecular genetic structure of mating type loci of the cultivated mushrooms is diverse, and the mating type loci of different species have different characteristics. The number and location of mating genes of different strains within species are also varied. The understanding of the mating type loci of cultivated mushrooms at level of molecular genetics will help us to clarify the regulation of mating type genes in the development of fruiting bodies and thereby to solve the scientific problems in the production of mushrooms. At present, there are still many gaps in the research on mating type loci and genes of mushrooms, which need to be further deepened and expanded.
作者
鲍大鹏
BAO Da-Peng(National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilizati on(South),Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)
出处
《菌物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第12期2061-2077,共17页
Mycosystema
基金
上海市科技创新行动计划项目(16391901300,17391900400)~~
关键词
同源域转录因子
信息素受体
信息素前体
交配型
homeodomain transcription factors
pheromone receptors
pheromone precursor
mating type
