摘要
采用条垛堆和圆锥堆进行牛粪好氧堆肥,对比2种堆体在好氧发酵过程中腐熟度的相关指标,并对腐熟料是否达到设施作物栽培基质要求进行了分析。结果表明,圆锥堆的各项腐熟度指标均优于条垛堆,其中,在好氧发酵期间,圆锥堆在距堆体外侧45、60、75 cm处分别比条垛堆对应部位升温提前10、16、20 h,在45、75 cm处的高温持续时间分别比条垛堆多3、5 d;在好氧发酵结束时,圆锥堆和条垛堆的有机质含量分别降低了28.12%和25.42%,E4/E6值分别上升1.01和0.35;圆锥堆的GI在整个堆肥期均高于80%,而条垛堆下降至73.41%;2个堆体的pH值均为8.0左右,EC值较建堆初期均有上升。经60 d腐熟后,腐熟料的生物学性状和物理性状均能达到基质理想指标要求,化学性状除GI达到要求外,稍偏碱性,EC值偏高;通过基质混配后,相比单一腐熟料,各处理的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH值和EC值均降低,通气孔隙度增加,气水比降低,以处理T3(泥炭∶腐熟料∶珍珠岩(体积比)为1∶1∶1,50%替代泥炭)处理的理化性状基本满足理想基质要求,EC值降至3.5 m S/cm以下,不影响植株生长。说明腐熟料通过混配用于基质栽培是可行的。
Aerobic composting of cow manure was carried out by using strip pile and cone pile in this study.The indexes of maturity of two kinds of compost during aerobic fermentation were compared,and whether the compost could meet the requirements of cultivation substrate of protected crops was analyzed.The results showed that the maturity index of cone pile was better than that of strip pile.During aerobic fermentation,the former increased temperature at 45,60,75 cm away from the outside of the pile by 10,16,20 h earlier than the latter,respectively,and lasted for 3,5 d longer than the latter at 45 cm and 75 cm,respectively.At the end of aerobic fermentation,the organic matter content of cone pile and strip pile decreased by 28.12%and 25.42%,respectively,the E4/E6 increased by 1.01 and 0.35,respectively.The GI of cone pile was higher than 80%in the whole composting period,while that of strip pile decreased to 73.41%.The pH of the two piles was about 8.0,and the EC value was higher than that of the initial stage.After 60 d of maturity,the biological and physical properties of the decomposed material could meet the requirements of the ideal substrate.In addition to GI,pH was slightly alkaline and EC was slightly high.Compared with single decomposed material,the bulk density,total porosity,water holding porosity,pH and EC of each treatment decreased,the aeration porosity increased and the aeration porosity/moisture retention porosity decreased.T3 treatment(peat∶decomposed material∶perlite=1∶1∶1,50%instead of peat)could basically meet the requirements of ideal substrate.The EC decreased to less than 3.5 mS/cm,which did not affect the growth of the plant,indicating that it was feasible to mix the decomposed material for substrate cultivation.
作者
王秀红
史向远
李欣欣
王保平
周静
杜慧平
李永平
张纪涛
WANG Xiuhong;SHI Xiangyuan;LI Xinxin;WANG Baoping;ZHOU Jing;DU Huiping;LI Yongping;ZHANG Jitao(Research Center of Modern Agriculture,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2020年第3期411-415,435,共6页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211022)
山西省农业科学院农业科技创新项目(YCX2017D2106,YCX2017D2110)
山西省农业科学院科技自主创新能力提升工程项目(2017ZZCX-27)
山西省农业科学院科研创新团队培育专项(YGC2019TD07)。
关键词
畜禽粪便
好氧堆肥
腐熟度
设施栽培
基质
livestock manure
aerobic compost
maturity
protected cultivation
substrate
